National Research Institute of Tuberculosis and Lung Disease (NRITLD), Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran TANAFFOS (Respiration) 1735-0344 24 3 2025 07 01 Definition of Asthma in the Middle Ages 206 212 739063 EN Reza Mohammadinasab Department of History of Medicine, Faculty of Traditional Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran Javad Ghazi Sha'rbaf Department of Islamic History & Civilization, Faculty of Theology, Azarbaijan Shahid Madani University, Tabriz, Iran 0000-0002-9319-0450 Ali Taghizadieh Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran 0000-0001-5779-5148 Marianna Karamanou Department of History of Medicine and Medical Ethics, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece 0000-0002-1307-7707 Saeid Safiri Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Neurosciences Research Center, Aging Research Institute, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran 0000-0001-7986-9072 Spyros N Michaleas Department of History of Medicine and Medical Ethics, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece 0000-0002-7507-8908 Journal Article 2022 09 07 In the Middle Ages, asthma had a legacy from antiquity. The most accurate one was Galen (129-216 AD). In the Middle Ages, Ali ibn Rabban Tabari (838-870 AD) first introduced asthma and explained its different types. After him, many physicians devoted a significant part of their work to this disease. We searched the original versions of historical books and used a narrative approach to report the history of asthma. Pneumonia, inflammation of the spleen, and softness and stiffness of the chest muscles are some of the factors that have been suggested as the causes of asthma. However, the most accurate cause was given by Ibn Sina (980-1037), and he gave many detailed reasons for it. In addition to the previous reasons, which he listed according to a much more accurate classification than his predecessors, he cited other problems such as the presence of sputum, dry lungs, dry cough, sputum caused by neurological diseases, diseases of the organs adjacent to the respiratory organs, and congenital injuries as causes. Of course, other factors have been added by other physicians, the most notable of which are hereditary problems and diseases such as nosebleeds and pneumonia. The accurate observations of physicians in the Middle Ages provide a detailed and comprehensive description of asthma. The definitions and classification of different types of asthma were an important element in designing the treatment plan.

https://www.tanaffosjournal.ir/article_739063_64ca7fa99ba9d8b8fa60ee2420bb76c1.pdf

National Research Institute of Tuberculosis and Lung Disease (NRITLD), Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran TANAFFOS (Respiration) 1735-0344 24 3 2025 07 01 Global Research Trends on Tuberculosis: A Bibliometric and Visualized Study of Clinical Trials 213 222 739066 EN Mansoureh Feizabadi Iranian Research Center on Healthy Aging, Sabzevar University of Medical Sciences, Sabzevar, Iran 0000-0001-5083-946X Esmaeil Vaziri Department of Information Science and Knowledge Studies, Faculty of Humanities, University of Zabol, Zabol, Iran 0000-0003-0155-5852 Seyed Mohammad Reza Nejatollahi Department of Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary and Transplant Surgery, Masih Daneshvari Hospital, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran 0000-0003-0597-0703 Elham Sadati Pediatric Respiratory Diseases Research Center, National Research Institute of Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran 0000-0002-0460-6910 Arman Hasanzade Lung Transplantation Research Center, National Research Institute of Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran 0000-0001-6183-084X Masoud Shafaghi Strategic Planning and Executive Office Manager, International Federation of Inventors' Associations, Geneva, Switzerland 0000-0003-2975-5354 Fariba Ghorbani Tracheal Diseases Research Center, National Research Institute of Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases (NRITLD), Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran 0000-0002-2090-204X Journal Article 2024 01 12 Tuberculosis stands as a prominent global infectious disease, ranking among the leading causes of mortality. Its complex pathogenesis and significant resistance to existing treatments have made the eradication of this disease challenging. Over the 20th century and into the present, numerous endeavors have been undertaken to comprehensively understand various aspects of this disease and find a proper solution to this challenge. This scientometric study employs the content analysis method to provide an overview of existing clinical trials in the tuberculosis field. We conducted a comprehensive review using the World Health Organization Clinical Trials Registry database, covering studies registered between 1998 and 2021. A total of 1,590 tuberculosis-related clinical trials were registered across global clinical trial registries through the end of 2021.Significant joint initiatives were observed, notably between South Africa and India (53 studies), South Africa and Peru (47 studies), and South Africa and Uganda (40 studies). There was a predominant focus on Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) diseases (14.15% of trials). Pulmonary tuberculosis with 316 (19.87%) trials and multidrug-resistant tuberculosis with 92 (5.76%) trials were the most evaluated topics. Drug-based interventions led with 942 studies (58.25), and Isoniazid was evaluated in 261 trials (16.42%). Conclusion: Scientometric analyses provide valuable insights into research trends across diverse fields, helping researchers identify knowledge gaps and guide future investigations. The steadily increasing annual registration of clinical trials, together with persistent gaps in our understanding of tuberculosis pathogenesis, prevention, and treatment, and the substantial global burden of disease, underscores the need for continued research in this field.

https://www.tanaffosjournal.ir/article_739066_75c89b20821c7421eb00c465da2abb80.pdf

National Research Institute of Tuberculosis and Lung Disease (NRITLD), Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran TANAFFOS (Respiration) 1735-0344 24 3 2025 07 01 Network Analysis of Severe Asthma in Female Patients to Find Possible Drug Targets 223 228 739071 EN Hamideh Moravvej Skin Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Zahra Razzaghi Laser Application in Medical Sciences Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran 0000-0003-2112-5534 Mitra Rezaei Clinical Tuberculosis and Epidemiology Research Center, National Research Institute of Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases (NRITLD), Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran 0000-0003-1466-8645 Babak Arjmand Cell Therapy and Regenerative Medicine Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Molecular-Cellular Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Iranian Cancer Control Center (MACSA), Tehran, Iran 0000-0001-5001-5006 Nastaran Asri Celiac Disease and Gluten Related Disorders Research Center, Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran 0000-0002-1986-615X Mostafa Rezaei Tavirani Proteomics Research Center, System Biology Institute, Faculty of Paramedical Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. 0000-0003-1767-7475 Journal Article 2024 11 10 Background: Severe asthma (SA) has been a challenging health issue worldwide. In this view, a complementary study of gene expression profiles could be helpful. Protein-protein interaction network analysis could help better understand the molecular changes and, ultimately, the underlying mechanisms of treatment approaches. The identification of the critical genes involved in severe asthma is the main aim of this study. Materials and Methods: Data were retrieved from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database and pre-evaluated via GEO2R to find the significantly differentially expressed genes (DEGs). Cytoscape software and its plugin were used to facilitate protein-protein interaction (PPI) network analysis and gene ontology enrichment. Results: A total of 30 significant DEGs were identified as the genes that differentiate severe asthma from control samples. PPI network analysis led to the identification of four hub-bottlenecks, including TP53, AKT1, ACTB, and EGFR, and two hubs (GAPDH and PTEN). DLG4 was highlighted as a bottleneck node. “Nitric-oxide synthase”, “lymphocyte apoptotic process”, “regulation of cyclin-dependent protein serine/threonine kinase activity”, and “positive regulation of miRNA maturation” biological processes were linked to the central genes. Conclusion: AKT1 and EGFR, and the related biological processes, can be considered as the possible drug targets for severe asthma.

https://www.tanaffosjournal.ir/article_739071_9fbfec1713c45d5f4403cf40af6530cb.pdf

National Research Institute of Tuberculosis and Lung Disease (NRITLD), Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran TANAFFOS (Respiration) 1735-0344 24 3 2025 07 01 Glutathione Peroxidase (GPx) and Glutathione Reductase Gene Expression as Key Factors in the Glutathione System, in Oxidative Stress Pathways in Patients with COVID-19 229 236 739073 EN Abdolreza Mohamadnia Chronic Respiratory Diseases Research Center, National Research Institute of Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases (NRITLD), Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran 0000-0001-9662-7462 Shadi Shafaghi Lung Transplantation Research Center, NRITLD, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran 0000-0002-9960-8854 Hamidreza Jamaati Chronic Respiratory Diseases Research Center, NRITLD, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. 0000-0002-5402-1531 Hossein Dargahi Health Management, Policy Making and Economic Department, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Health Information Management Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Mohammad Bayat Craniomaxil‌lofa‌cial Research Center, Shariati hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran 0000-0002-6630-8740 Farnoosh Mohammadi Craniomaxil‌lofa‌cial Research Center, Shariati hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Amir Jalal Abbasi Craniomaxil‌lofa‌cial Research Center, Shariati hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Mehdi Kazempour Dizaji Mycobacteriology Research Center, NRITLD, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Mahya Daustany Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran Mona Mohajeri Tehrani Craniomaxillofacial Research Center, Shariati Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. Farnaz Ahmadi Lung Transplantation Research Center, NRITLD, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Maryam Hajimoradi Lung Transplantation Research Center, NRITLD, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Somaieh Lookzadeh Chronic Respiratory Diseases Research Center, National Research Institute of Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases (NRITLD), Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. 0000-0001-7873-2496 Maryam Sadat Mirenayat Chronic Respiratory Diseases Research Center, National Research Institute of Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases (NRITLD), Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. Mohammad Varahram Mycobacteriology Research Center, NRITLD, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran 0000-0002-8033-1867 Naghmeh Bahrami 1. Craniomaxillofacial Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Department of Tissue Engineering and Applied Cell Sciences, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. 0000-0002-3575-4094 Journal Article 2024 07 04 Background: COVID-19 emerged as a major global health challenge, rapidly spreading worldwide and affecting millions of people. In response to the COVID-19 pandemic, this study aimed to address the gene expression of Glutathione ‎Peroxidase (GPx) and Glutathione Reductase at the mRNA level and specify which group is being ‎referenced.‎ Materials and Methods: RNA was extracted from blood samples of COVID-19 patients admitted to the ICU with severe symptoms of the disease, as well as infectious wards, with mild symptoms of COVID-19, and then cDNA was synthesized. The sequence of the designed primers was examined in the human genome sequence using BLAST software, and finally, the Real-Time RT-PCR reactions were duplicated. Results: Glutathione Peroxidase and Glutathione Reductase markers in the peripheral blood of patients with severe and mild symptoms showed a statistically significant difference in terms of positivity (P-value <0.001). Then, the Ct of each sample was determined. The difference in the expression of markers between the two groups was calculated using “ ” and showed that the increased expression of these markers in the group of patients with severe symptoms compared to mild ones. Conclusion: Our findings suggest that glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and glutathione reductase (GR), key components of the glutathione antioxidant system, may be upregulated in response to increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels and oxidative stress.

https://www.tanaffosjournal.ir/article_739073_58fc0d000b4e98e65fa6b68c75802319.pdf

National Research Institute of Tuberculosis and Lung Disease (NRITLD), Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran TANAFFOS (Respiration) 1735-0344 24 3 2025 07 01 New Insights on the Relationship Between Body Composition and COPD in Iranian Patients 237 244 739074 EN Somayeh Lookzadeh Chronic Respiratory Diseases Research Center, National Research Institute of Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases (NRITLD), Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran 0000-0001-7873-2496 Mansour Rezaei Chronic Respiratory Diseases Research Center, National Research Institute of Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases (NRITLD), Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Hamidreza Jamaati Chronic Respiratory Diseases Research Center, National Research Institute of Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases (NRITLD), Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Roqayeh Aliari Ophthalmic Epidemiology Research Center, Shahroud University of Medical Sciences, Shahroud, Iran Mahbube Hemmati Azandaryani Chronic Respiratory Diseases Research Center, National Research Institute of Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases (NRITLD), Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Vida Mortezaee Chronic Respiratory Diseases Research Center (CRDRC), National Research Institute of Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases (NRITLD), Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran 0000-0003-0623-2307 Journal Article 2024 11 20 Background: Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) is a multifaceted respiratory illness with significant systemic effects, notably changes in body composition like muscle atrophy and depletion of fat-free mass (FFM). Such alterations are associated with diminished physical performance, increased exacerbation frequency, and heightened mortality. In the Middle Eastern context, the interplay between body composition and COPD severity remains inadequately explored. This study investigates the correlation between body composition and COPD severity among Iranian patients, emphasizing anthropometric markers as predictors of disease outcomes. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional analysis was conducted involving 184 COPD patients at Dr. Masih Daneshvari Hospital, Tehran. Anthropometric measurements included BMI, triceps skinfold thickness (TSF), mid-upper arm circumference (MUAC), and thigh circumference. Disease severity was evaluated through spirometry and the modified Medical Research Council (mMRC) dyspnea scale. Correlations between these parameters and pulmonary function (FEV1) were assessed using Spearman’s correlation and regression analyses. Results: Positive associations were identified between FEV1 and BMI (p=0.001), TSF (p=0.004), MUAC (p<0.001), and thigh circumference (p=0.008), indicating that greater anthropometric values predict superior lung function. Negative correlations with mMRC scores highlighted reduced dyspnea severity in participants with healthier body composition. Overweight patients exhibited better spirometric outcomes and fewer exacerbations compared to those underweight. Conclusion: Anthropometric indices such as BMI and MUAC are instrumental in evaluating COPD severity and guiding individualized management strategies. Further research should validate these findings across broader populations and employ advanced diagnostic tools.

https://www.tanaffosjournal.ir/article_739074_7efa3e274261fe0d9680701506812100.pdf

National Research Institute of Tuberculosis and Lung Disease (NRITLD), Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran TANAFFOS (Respiration) 1735-0344 24 3 2025 07 01 Comparing the Knowledge about HIV and HPV Infections among the General Population of Iran 245 251 739075 EN Reza M Robati Skin Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran 0000-0002-7947-8642 Amir-Reza Derakhshan Skin Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. 0000-0001-7814-8708 Atousa Yazdanshenas Skin Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. 0000-0003-2734-974X Nikoo Mozafari Skin Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Department of Dermatology, Loghman Hakim Hospital, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran 0000-0003-4691-2606 Mitra Rezaei Clinical Tuberculosis and Epidemiology Research Center. National Research Institute of Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases (NRITLD), Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran 0000-0003-1466-8645 Vahid Mansouri Proteomics Research Center, Faculty of Paramedical Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran 0000-0001-8472-9058 Journal Article 2023 10 31 Background: Governmental sexually transmitted disease (STD) educational programs are more focused on HIV/AIDS, and knowledge about other STDs, such as HPV, is low. To test this hypothesis and allow government authorities to modify the sexual health education policies and programs, we developed a survey to assess and compare the current level and sources of HPV and HIV information in the general population. Materials and Methods: In this cross-sectional study, an online questionnaire containing 46 items was created and distributed using a web-based application. Respondents were asked to provide information about their knowledge of HIV/AIDs, HPV infection, and HPV vaccination. Results: A total of 370 (36.56%) males and 642 (63.44%) females participated in this study. Regarding overall knowledge of HPV and HIV/AIDS, the awareness scores of HIV/AIDS were significantly higher compared to HPV scores (71.39±23.66 vs 35.90 ± 23.65, P<.001). Only 2.8% of participants had not heard about HIV, while 26.5% and 75.0% had never heard about HPV and HPV vaccination, respectively. Only 11.2% of participants were aware of the protective role of vaccination against cervical cancer. The most frequent source for HIV information was national radio and television, which do not have a substantial role in HPV. Conclusion: Although HPV and HIV are both infections that can be transmitted sexually, the overall knowledge of the general public about HPV is substantially lacking compared to HIV. The findings of this study highlight the real need for the implementation of health education programs on STDs, particularly regarding HPV and HPV vaccination.

https://www.tanaffosjournal.ir/article_739075_0c27a7ad63754fb48d1be1c5daeb5391.pdf

National Research Institute of Tuberculosis and Lung Disease (NRITLD), Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran TANAFFOS (Respiration) 1735-0344 24 3 2025 07 01 Persons at High-Risk and Low-Risk for Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease: Results from the BOLD Study in Iran 252 260 739076 EN Hooman Sharifi Tobacco Prevention and Control Research Center, National Research Institute of Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases (NRITLD), Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran 0000-0001-6448-046X Makan Sadr Virology Research Center, NRITLD, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran 0000-0002-8781-8176 Maryam Akhtari Tobacco Prevention and Control Research Center, National Research Institute of Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases (NRITLD), Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran 0000-0002-5342-3440 Maryam Tavanarezaei Chronic Respiratory Diseases Research Center, NRITLD, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran 0009-0009-2529-4360 Zahra Hesami Tobacco Prevention and Control Research Center, National Research Institute of Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases (NRITLD), Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Alireza Eslaminejad Chronic Respiratory Diseases Research Center, NRITLD, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran 0000-0002-8788-4544 Mostafa Ghanei Chemical Injuries Research Center, Systems Biology and Poisonings Institute, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Journal Article Background: Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a common, heterogeneous, and largely preventable respiratory condition that is frequently undiagnosed until advanced stages. We estimated the prevalence of COPD risk categories in Iran and examined factors associated with high-risk status. Materials and Methods: A population-based survey using stratified cluster sampling was conducted in five major Iranian provinces, representing approximately 36% of the national population. Non-institutionalized adults aged ≥18 years completed standardized questionnaires, SF-12 health-related quality-of-life assessments, and pre- and post-bronchodilator spirometry under the tailored Burden of Lung Disease protocol. Participants were classified as diagnosed COPD (DN), high risk (HR; ≥10 years of tobacco use plus ≥1 respiratory symptom), or low risk (LR). Results: Among 533 participants (mean age, 53.2 ± 1.83 years; 43.9% men), 5.0% (95% CI: 3.17–6.83) had diagnosed COPD, 13.2% (95% CI: 12.92–13.48) were high risk, and 81.8% (95% CI: 78.55–85.05) were low risk. Dyspnea on exertion (43.6%), productive cough (27.1%), and frequent shortness of breath (32.1%) were common and occurred more frequently in DN and HR groups. High-risk status was more prevalent among men, current smokers, and adults aged >45 years. Tobacco use for ≥10 years was strongly associated with HR classification. Smoking patterns and symptom burden varied substantially across provinces. DN and HR participants had significantly poorer SF-12 physical and mental health scores than LR participants (P<0.001). Conclusion: A substantial proportion of Iranian adults are at high risk for COPD, indicating an important burden of potentially undiagnosed disease. Targeted screening, smoking-cessation initiatives, and earlier primary-care intervention may improve COPD detection and prevention.

https://www.tanaffosjournal.ir/article_739076_941c7f3a468ace5aabf28d4ff8aaf273.pdf

National Research Institute of Tuberculosis and Lung Disease (NRITLD), Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran TANAFFOS (Respiration) 1735-0344 24 3 2025 07 01 Iron Supplementation in Anemic Patients with Cystic Fibrosis: Effects on Hematologic, Clinical, and Pulmonary Outcomes 261 271 739077 EN Soheila Hokmabadi Pediatric Respiratory Diseases Research Center, National Research Institute of Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases (NRITLD), Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Maryam Hassanzad Pediatric Respiratory Diseases Research Center, National Research Institute of Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases (NRITLD), Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Telemedicine Research Center (TMRC), NRITLD, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran 0000-0001-7164-0599 Hosseinali Ghaffaripour Pediatric Respiratory Diseases Research Center, National Research Institute of Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases (NRITLD), Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Fatemeh Malek Pediatric Congenital Hematologic Disorders Research Center, Mofid Children’s Hospital, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Mihan Pourabdollah Pediatric Respiratory Diseases Research Center, National Research Institute of Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases (NRITLD), Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Poopak Farnia Mycobacteriology Research Centre (MRC), NRITLD, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Leila Mohammadpour-Belvirdy Pediatric Respiratory Diseases Research Center, National Research Institute of Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases (NRITLD), Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Ali Akbar Velayati Mycobacteriology Research Centre (MRC), NRITLD, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Journal Article Background: Cystic fibrosis (CF) is an autosomal recessive multisystem disorder frequently complicated by anemia. This study aimed to evaluate the clinical, laboratory, radiological, and functional outcomes of oral iron therapy in anemic patients with CF. Materials and Methods: In this interventional before–after study, 340 patients with confirmed CF were screened for anemia. Twenty-two patients met the diagnostic criteria for anemia, and 15 completed the study and were included in the final analysis. Participants received oral ferrous sulfate at a dose of 4–6 mg/kg/day (maximum 150 mg/day) for 6–8 weeks. Demographic characteristics, CBC, iron profile, inflammatory markers, pulmonary function tests, sputum culture, high-resolution computed tomography (HRCT) findings, and Shwachman–Kulczycki scores were evaluated before and after treatment. Results: The prevalence of anemia among patients with CF was 6.47% (22/340). The mean age of participants was 18.8±1.24 years, and 53.3% were male. Hemoglobin and hematocrit levels increased significantly following treatment, with the greatest improvement observed among patients with combined iron deficiency anemia (IDA) and anemia of chronic inflammation (ACI) (p=0.007 and p=0.014, respectively). Serum iron levels also increased significantly after treatment (p=0.040). No significant changes were observed in pulmonary function indices, sputum culture results, or HRCT findings. Physical examination scores within the Shwachman–Kulczycki assessment improved significantly in the IDA+ACI group (p=0.039). Hemoglobin and ferritin levels showed significant direct and inverse correlations with the total Shwachman–Kulczycki score, respectively (p=0.003 and p=0.015). Conclusion: Short-term oral ferrous sulfate therapy improved hematologic and selected clinical outcomes in anemic CF patients without evidence of worsening pulmonary infection or respiratory status. Accurate identification of anemia etiology and appropriate management may improve patient outcomes, although longer-term follow-up studies are warranted.

https://www.tanaffosjournal.ir/article_739077_aaeff5c6b61c63503563fe339a537120.pdf

National Research Institute of Tuberculosis and Lung Disease (NRITLD), Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran TANAFFOS (Respiration) 1735-0344 24 3 2025 07 01 Exploring Molecular Mechanism of Ferroptosis in A549 Lung Cancer Cells 272 280 739078 EN Mohammad Rostami-Nejad Celiac Disease and Gluten Related Disorders Research Center, Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Disease, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran 0000-0003-2495-1831 Zahra Razzaghi Laser Application in Medical Sciences Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran 0000-0003-2112-5534 Reza M Robati Skin Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran 0000-0002-7947-8642 Babak Arjmand Cell Therapy and Regenerative Medicine Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Molecular-Cellular Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Iranian Cancer Control Center (MACSA), Tehran, Iran 0000-0001-5001-5006 Vahid Mansouri Proteomics Research Center, Faculty of Paramedical Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran 0000-0001-8472-9058 Maryam Hamzeloo-Moghadam Traditional Medicine and Materia Medica Research Center, School of Traditional Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Mitra Rezaei Clinical Tuberculosis and Epidemiology Research Center, National Research Institute of Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases (NRITLD), Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran 0000-0003-1466-8645 Fatemeh Bandarian Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinical Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran 0000-0003-0359-3043 Farideh Razi Diabetes Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinical Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran 0000-0003-2350-9574 Mostafa Rezaei-Tavirani Proteomics Research Center, Faculty of Paramedical Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran 0000-0003-1767-7475 Journal Article 2024 06 04 Background: Ferroptosis is a non-apoptotic cell death pattern caused by iron-dependent lipid peroxidation injury. It is a new strategy for lung cancer treatment. Molecular mechanism detection of ferroptosis via protein-protein interaction (PPI) network analysis is the main aim of this investigation. Materials and Methods: To detect gene expression changes related to ferroptosis, Gse247883 from Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) was a candidate to be analyzed via PPI network analysis. The gene expression profiles of A549 lung cancer cells were compared with those of controls via the GEO2R program. Volcano plot visualized the significantly differentially expressed genes (DEGs). The hubs of up- and downregulated PPI networks were determined and enriched for related biological processes. Results: Some 14 hubs, including EGFR, TXNRD1, SOD1, TXN, PRDX1, PTGS2, CXCL8, TLR4, CALR, P4HB, UBC, GSR, and VCP, among the 295 recognized significant upregulated DEGs and 13 hubs; PTEN, HNRNPA1, HNRNPA2B1, HSP90AB1, NPM1, XPO1, ANLN, HNRNPC, PPP1CC, NCL, EEF1A1, HSPD1, and MATR3 for the downregulated PPI network of 249 recognized significant DEGs were determined. A total of 11 and 6 groups of various types of biological groups related to the hubs of the up- and downregulated PPI network were identified, respectively. Conclusion: In conclusion, most effects of ferroptosis are regulation of EGFR, TXNRD1, SOD1, TXN, PRDX1, PTGS2, TLR4, P4HB, UBC, GSR, VCP, PTEN, HNRNPA1, HNRNPA2B1, HSP90AB1, NPM1, XPO1, HNRNPC, NCL, EEF1A1, and HSPD1 genes and “Regulation of oxidative stress-induced cell death”, “Telomere maintenance via telomere lengthening”, and “RNA-dependent DNA biosynthetic process” groups of biological processes.

https://www.tanaffosjournal.ir/article_739078_43227bcb1339c0f1643ebb91a8885c61.pdf

National Research Institute of Tuberculosis and Lung Disease (NRITLD), Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran TANAFFOS (Respiration) 1735-0344 24 3 2025 07 01 Lived Experiences of the Health Care Providers Infected with Coronavirus Disease: A Phenomenological Study 281 291 739079 EN Elham Ghazanchaei Research Department for Hospital Management and Health Policy in Respiratory Diseases, National Research Institute of Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases (NRITLD), Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran 0000-0002-6048-3396 Mohammad Varahram Mycobacteriology Research Center, NRITLD, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran 0000-0002-8033-1867 Fatemeh Keyvani Rad Research Department for Hospital Management and Health Policy in Respiratory Diseases, National Research Institute of Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases (NRITLD), Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Beheshteh Jebelli Chronic Respiratory Diseases Research Center, NRITLD, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Journal Article 2024 05 08 Background: With the COVID-19 outbreak and the involvement of many countries, Healthcare Providers (HCPs), as a large group on the front lines of handling this disease, have been exposed to the virus the most and faced heavy pressure with limited resources and facilities, resulting in many of these individuals becoming infected. Accordingly, the current research was conducted to investigate and identify the lived experiences of HCPs during the COVID-19 pandemic at Masih Daneshvari Hospital in Tehran, the first hospital to admit patients with COVID-19. Materials and Methods: This study employs a qualitative approach with a conventional content analysis method, where data collection and analysis were conducted according to the steps outlined by Graneheim and Lundman. The study population in this research consisted of 42 people, including 26 females and 16 males, selected from the HCPs working in Masih Daneshvari Hospital wards. The interviews were conducted semi-structured and face-to-face until saturation was reached. Results: One thousand and nineteen initial codes were extracted through the collection and analysis of participants’ data. After reviewing and equalizing similar codes, 62 final codes were extracted. Also, 6 main categories and 14 subcategories were extracted from interviews with the HCPs infected with COVID-19: Physical and mental challenges (psychological effects, job burnout, disease symptoms), cultural-belief challenges (beliefs and values, and moral conflicts), social challenges (occupational conflicts, social stigma), family challenges (economic-livelihood problems, work-family conflict), challenges related to the disease characteristics (informed management, disease unknown and difficult conditions), and the challenge of facilities, equipment, and human resources (hospital capacities, popular volunteer forces, organizational changes, and support) were extracted. Conclusion: The results of this study indicated that the HCPs faced challenges regarding emotions, interpersonal relationships with colleagues and relatives, the workplace, and the difficulty of the workplace when infected with COVID-19. In this regard, it is essential to use strategies such as benefitting from sufficient preparation before the outbreak concerning equipment, human force, required training about the disease and its process, making the HCPs skillful, and creating numerous incentives.

https://www.tanaffosjournal.ir/article_739079_376cee9cfaa9d0ef5d988e06b44b82d7.pdf

National Research Institute of Tuberculosis and Lung Disease (NRITLD), Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran TANAFFOS (Respiration) 1735-0344 24 3 2025 07 01 Histopathological Changes in the Stenotic Part of the Airway in Post-Intubation Tracheal Stenosis 292 298 739080 EN Hossein Kalantari Dehaghi Lung Transplantation Research Center, National Research Institute of Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases, Shahid Beheshti. University of Medical Sciences (NRITLD), Tehran, Iran 0000-0001-9333-7523 Fariba Ghorbani Tracheal Diseases Research Center, NRITLD, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran 0000-0002-2090-204X Mohammad Bayat Department of Anatomy, Arak University of Medical Sciences, Arak, Iran 0000-0002-6630-8740 Amirbahador Abbasi Lung Transplantation Research Center, National Research Institute of Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases, Shahid Beheshti. University of Medical Sciences (NRITLD), Tehran, Iran 0000-0000-0000-0001 Maryam Kalantari Dehaghi Lung Transplantation Research Center, National Research Institute of Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases, Shahid Beheshti. University of Medical Sciences (NRITLD), Tehran, Iran 0000-0002-6350-333X Makan Sadr Virology Research Center, NRITLD, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Nafiseh Mohammadizadeh Tracheal Diseases Research Center, NRITLD, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran 0000-0002-4192-7051 Bardya Mohseni Department of Anatomy, Arak University of Medical Sciences, Arak, Iran 0009-0002-0541-6462 Mohammad Behgam Shadmehr Tracheal Diseases Research Center, NRITLD, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran 0000-0001-6066-5002 Journal Article 2023 07 27 Background: Post-intubation tracheal stenosis (PITS) is one of the most important early complications of intubation. In this study, a detailed examination of the histopathological changes of the trachea is presented. Materials and Methods: In this cross-sectional study, specimens of the stenotic region of the trachea in 25 patients with type III, type IV, and subglottic airway stenosis were evaluated using hematoxylin/eosin and Masson's trichrome staining. Also, the prevalence of microscopic changes in the different structures of the tracheal wall was assessed. Results: The mean age of the patients was 37.12±13.96 years, and the intubation duration was 12.6 ± 4.8 days. The length of stenosis part was 30.12± 6.4 mm. The location of stenosis in 19 patients was in the trachea, in five patients both the trachea and the subglottic area were affected, and in one patient only the subglottic area was restricted. In grade III, the epithelial layer was disorganized, and widespread cell destruction occurred. Also, the mucosal and submucosal layers were destroyed, and the accumulation of extracellular matrix and collagen fibers was clear, but the hyaline cartilage of the trachea was still intact and non-pathological. In Grade IV lesions, the tracheal tissue was extensively damaged, with complete destruction of the epithelial layers, lamina propria, mucosa, submucosa, seromucous glands, and tracheal cartilage. The extracellular matrix and collagen fibers were also extensively disrupted and replaced by fibrotic tissue. Conclusion: Tissue destruction in tracheal stenosis sometimes progresses to the depth of the cartilage layer and is irreversible. Thus, in many cases, anastomotic resection surgery is the only treatment.

https://www.tanaffosjournal.ir/article_739080_c1f8a8536bb1b38d985c1e250e1b8bb1.pdf

National Research Institute of Tuberculosis and Lung Disease (NRITLD), Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran TANAFFOS (Respiration) 1735-0344 24 3 2025 07 01 Could Remdesivir be used in the Presence of Elevated Liver Enzymes Secondary to COVID-19 Infection in Children? A Case Report 299 302 739081 EN Shirin Sayyahfar Research Center of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Institute of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran 0000-0002-7772-8353 Sanaz Khajouii Department of Pediatrics, Ali Asghar Children’s Hospital, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran 0000-0002-1810-5404 Elham Zarei Department of Radiology, Ali Asghar Children’s Hospital, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran 0000-0002-0293-9324 Motahareh Tahami Department of Pediatrics, Ali Asghar Children’s Hospital, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran 0000-0002-1330-5845 Journal Article 2022 07 24 Abnormal liver biochemistry values are not unusual in patients with COVID-19 infection. Remdesivir is one of the drugs that is currently used for the treatment of COVID-19 infection, but one of the side effects of this drug is hepatotoxicity. According to the local guidelines of the Iranian Ministry of Health, remdesivir should be monitored serially before, during, and at the end of treatment, and withheld if liver function tests (LFTs) rise more than 5 times the upper limit of normal. Herein, we report a pediatric case of severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) coronavirus (CoV)-2(SARS-CoV-2) pneumonia and elevated liver enzymes who was treated with remdesivir despite the first LFTs of more than five times the upper limit of normal. The LFTs improved during treatment and reached near-normal values at the time of hospital discharge. Indications of remdesivir usage in the setting of elevated liver enzymes due to SARS-CoV-2 infection remain to be defined.

https://www.tanaffosjournal.ir/article_739081_46fbd284dd97bae76d3135197963c163.pdf

National Research Institute of Tuberculosis and Lung Disease (NRITLD), Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran TANAFFOS (Respiration) 1735-0344 24 3 2025 07 01 From Cystic Lung Lesions to Pulmonary Lymphangio-leiomyomatosis: A Case-Based Diagnostic and Therapeutic Approach 303 308 739082 EN Mohsen Sadeghi Chronic Respiratory Diseases Research Center (CRDRC), National Research Institute of Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases (NRITLD), Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Inflammatory Lung Disease Research Center, Department of Internal Medicine, Razi Hospital, School of Medicine, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran Fatemeh Sadat Hosseini Khajouei Student Research Committee, Arak University of Medical Sciences, Arak, Iran Amir Morteza Soleimani Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Arak University of Medical Sciences, Arak, Iran Clinical Research Development Unit of Amiralmomenin Hospital, Arak University of Medical Sciences, Arak, Iran 0000-0003-0236-8258 Journal Article Background: Lymphangioleiomyomatosis (LAM) is a rare, progressive cystic lung disease that primarily affects women of reproductive age. It arises from abnormal proliferation of smooth muscle-like cells, resulting in cystic lung remodeling, impaired airflow, and recurrent pneumothorax. Serum vascular endothelial growth factor D (VEGF-D) can support diagnosis, but normal levels do not exclude the disease. Case Presentation: We describe a 37-year-old woman with six months of progressive dyspnea and hypoxia (SaO2: 86%). High-resolution CT revealed diffuse, thin-walled cystic lesions. VEGF-D levels were within the normal range. Pulmonary function tests showed moderate obstructive impairment (FEV1 61%, FEV1/FVC: 64%) and reduced diffusing capacity (DLCO: 45%). Transbronchial lung biopsy confirmed LAM with HMB-45 positivity. Sirolimus therapy was initiated in response to symptomatic impairment. Conclusion: This case shows that normal VEGF-D levels do not rule out LAM. Histopathologic confirmation remains essential when clinical and imaging findings are suggestive. Timely diagnosis enables initiation of mTOR inhibitor therapy, which can help stabilize lung function, manage cystic lesions, and inform decisions about further interventions, including lung transplantation.

https://www.tanaffosjournal.ir/article_739082_f6b3882d0c76344d57dac5d5248d7823.pdf