National Research Institute of Tuberculosis and Lung Disease (NRITLD), Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IranTANAFFOS (Respiration)1735-034420420211001Is There an Ending in Insight for COVID-19?294295254200ENEsmaeilMortazDepartment of Immunology, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IranClinical Tuberculosis and Epidemiology Research Center, National Research Institute of Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases (NRITLD), Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IranHamidrezaJamaatiChronic Respiratory Diseases Research Center, NRITLD, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IranIan MAdcockRespiratory Section, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, United KingdomJournal Article20220822https://www.tanaffosjournal.ir/article_254200_66a2e16b8473246e465aaa9bcf04fa10.pdfNational Research Institute of Tuberculosis and Lung Disease (NRITLD), Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IranTANAFFOS (Respiration)1735-034420420211001Role of Procalcitonin in the Prognosis of Mortality in Patients Admitted to the Intensive Care Unit: A Review Study296305254201ENMahdiyeJafariDepartment of Anesthesiology, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran0000-0002-1416-196XFarzanehFazeliDepartment of Anesthesiology, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran0000-0002-4841-2325MajidSezavarDepartment of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Science, Mashhad, IranSaraKhashkhashiDepartment of Anesthesiology, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, IranBenyaminFazliDepartment of Anesthesiology, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran0000-0002-6952-9020NooshinAbdollahpourDepartment of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Mashhad Branch, Islamic Azad University, Mashhad, IranAlirezaSedaghatLung Disease Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.Journal Article20220822<strong>Background: </strong>This review study aimed to investigate the role of PCT in the prognosis of mortality among patients admitted to the intensive care units (ICU). Procalcitonin (PCT) is a polypeptide and prohormone of calcitonin. This prohormone is secreted by thyroid gland C cells in response to hypercalcemia, and Its elevated level indicates infection, especially bacterial infections, in which there is a systematic response to infection.<br /><strong>Materials and Methods: </strong>This narrative review study was performed based on Cochrane collaboration recommendations for reviews. We reviewed all the titles and abstracts of published research articles with the following inclusion criteria studies aimed to confirm the function of a prognostic model in predicting mortality or survival, (b) mortality or survival of a specific endpoint (for example, 30 days), (c) patients admitted to intensive care units, and d) the articles written in English. The exclusion criteria of the current review included: (a) articles whose data were not specifically focused on prognosis of patients in ICU, (b) articles that did not provide sufficient information on the cause of death of patients in ICU, and (c) articles focusing on the treatment of comorbid patients with infections in ICU. The search was conducted on Google Scholar, PubMed, Magiran, ScienceDirect, and SID. Also, to search Iranian databases, including SID and Magiran, the same terms and expressions were searched.<br /><strong>Results: </strong>Based on the findings of this review, serum levels of PCT were reported within the range of at least 5 to more than 16 ng/ml in patients admitted to ICU. The mortality rate was estimated at 5.7% to 79% in these patients. Moreover, the incidence of sepsis was reported from 13% to 77.6%.<br /><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Serum levels of PCT as a prognostic factor may help early detection, and better classification of the poor prognoses sepsis patients and more invasive treatment of patients admitted to ICU and are at risk for mortality.https://www.tanaffosjournal.ir/article_254201_d33c56f01ec65dbb7d134f1a1a2831ce.pdfNational Research Institute of Tuberculosis and Lung Disease (NRITLD), Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IranTANAFFOS (Respiration)1735-034420420211001Inflammatory Markers in the Serum and Bronchoalveolar Lavage in Children with Non-Cystic Fibrosis Bronchiectasis306311254202ENHosseinaliGhaffaripourPediatric Respiratory Disease Research Center, National Research Institute of Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases (NRITLD), Masih Daneshvari Hospital, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IranAmirRezaeiPediatric Respiratory Disease Research Center, National Research Institute of Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases (NRITLD), Masih Daneshvari Hospital, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran0000-0001-6363-3583MaryamHasanzadPediatric Respiratory Disease Research Center, National Research Institute of Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases (NRITLD), Masih Daneshvari Hospital, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IranHabibEmamiPediatric Respiratory Disease Research Center, National Research Institute of Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases (NRITLD), Masih Daneshvari Hospital, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IranEsmaeilMortazDepartment of Immunology, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IranClinical Tuberculosis and Epidemiology Research Center, NRITLD, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IranAlirezaMahdavianiPediatric Respiratory Disease Research Center, National Research Institute of Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases (NRITLD), Masih Daneshvari Hospital, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IranAli AkbarVelayatiPediatric Respiratory Disease Research Center, National Research Institute of Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases (NRITLD), Masih Daneshvari Hospital, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IranJournal Article20220822<strong>Background: </strong>It is known that inflammatory responses occur in the airways of patients with non-cystic fibrosis bronchiectasis during respiratory exacerbations but the role of these cytokines is not clear in this condition. Herein we evaluated the levels of interleukin-1b (IL-1b), IL-8 and tumor necrosis factor a (TNF-a) in the serum and bronchoalveolar lavage among children with non-cystic fibrosis bronchiectasis.
<strong>Materials and Methods: </strong>This cross-sectional study was performed on all children with non-cystic fibrosis bronchiectasis who were admitted with respiratory exacerbation in the pediatric pulmonology ward of Masih Daneshvari Hospital, Tehran-Iran. All patients underwent fiberoptic bronchoscopy and spirometry before and after the bronchoscopy. IL-1b, IL-8, and TNF-a levels were measured in the serum and bronchoalveolar lavage.
<strong>Results: </strong>Patients included 10 (59%) female and 7 (41%) male subjects with mean age of 13.8 years (range, 5-18). Mean values for forced vital capacity (FVC) and forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1) were below the normal range before and after bronchoscopy. Mean value for FVC (from 55% to 63%, P= 0.01) and FEV1 (from 60% to 64%, P= 0.26) increased after bronchoscopy compared to before that. IL-1b and IL-8 levels were increased and TNF-a level was decreased in the serum and bronchoalveolar lavage but no significant correlation was found between spirometry and these cytokines levels.
<strong>Conclusion: </strong>Changes in inflammatory cytokines levels in serum and bronchoalveolar lavage during respiratory exacerbation in patients with non-cystic fibrosis bronchiectasis have no significant correlation with spirometry and cannot be used in clinical practice.https://www.tanaffosjournal.ir/article_254202_00ecbee449f3f85f838ed3cfb2937c08.pdfNational Research Institute of Tuberculosis and Lung Disease (NRITLD), Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IranTANAFFOS (Respiration)1735-034420420211001Measurement of Gastric Residual Volume via Ultrasound after Receiving Intravenous Ondansetron, Metoclopramide, and Neostigmine in Critically Ill Patients: A Double-Blind Clinical Trial312318254203ENBehroozFarzaneganCritical Care Quality Improvement Research Center, Department of Anaesthesiology, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IranNavidShafighDepartment of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IranJalalHeshmatniaChronic Respiratory Diseases Research Center, National Research Institute of Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases (NRITLD), Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IranSeyed MohammadrezaHashemianChronic Respiratory Diseases Research Center, National Research Institute of Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases (NRITLD), Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IranMehranMalekshoarChronic Respiratory Diseases Research Center, National Research Institute of Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases (NRITLD), Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IranGolnazAfzalDepartment of Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IranHamidrezaJamaatiChronic Respiratory Diseases Research Center, National Research Institute of Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases (NRITLD), Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IranMehdiKazempour-DizajiMycobacteriology Research Center, NRITLD, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IranMohammadFathiCritical Care Quality Improvement Research Center, Department of Anaesthesiology, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IranJournal Article20220822<strong>Background: </strong>Gastric residual volume (GRV) is considered an important parameter for gastric emptying and nutrition tolerance. This volume is measured before any nutrition and has a direct effect on the volume and timing of the next nutrition. The present study aimed to examine the GRV via ultrasound after receiving intravenous ondansetron, metoclopramide, and neostigmine.<br /><strong>Materials and Methods: </strong>In the present study, 40 patients were included in the study, 10 patients were excluded from the study due to death during treatment, and 30 patients were divided into three groups of 10(10 patients in each group).The first, second, and third groups received 2.5, 10, and 8 mg neostigmine, metoclopramide, and ondansetron every 8 h, respectively. The drugs were infused as a micro set in 100 ml normal saline into patients within 30 min. The patients underwent ultrasound imaging and GRV measurement by an intensive care unit (ICU) subspecialty fellow, who was not aware of the drugs received by the patients, in the 1<sup>st</sup> h of hospitalization, 6 h after drug injection, and once daily for 4 days.<br /><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 40 patients entered the study based on inclusion and exclusion criteria. The effect of neostigmine on reducing GRV (Gastric residual volume) in ICU patients was better than those of the other two drugs, which was significant.<br /><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The results of this study showed that neostigmine has a better and significant effect on reducing GRV in ICU patients, compared to those of ondansetron and metoclopramide.https://www.tanaffosjournal.ir/article_254203_f8b644bb4d90249ab6e32fc2ee379d8d.pdfNational Research Institute of Tuberculosis and Lung Disease (NRITLD), Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IranTANAFFOS (Respiration)1735-034420420211001Effect of Tubular Feeding with the Measurement of Gastric Residual Volume on Ventilator Associated Pneumonia319326254204ENMaedehBarkhordariNursing Care Research Center in Chronic Diseases, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, IranSiminJahaniDepartment of Medical and Surgical Nursing, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Nursing Care Research Center in Chronic Diseases, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran0000-0002-4407-6993FarhadSoltaniDepartment of Anesthesiology and Critical Care, School of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapure University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, IranShahramMolavynejadDepartment of Medical and Surgical Nursing, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Nursing Care Research Center in Chronic Diseases, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, IranElhamMaraghiDepartment of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, IranJournal Article20220822<strong>Background: </strong>Several measures have been taken to prevent the onset of ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP), one of which is measuring the gastric residual volume. The purpose of this study is to compare the effect of two tube feeding methods with and without gastric residual volume measurement on VAP.
<strong>Materials and Methods: </strong>This clinical trial was performed on the study population of patients with endotracheal tubes hospitalized in Intensive Care Units 1 and 2 of Golestan hospital, Ahvaz, Iran. Overall, 70 patients who met the inclusion criteria were randomly divided into groups 1 and 2. Groups 1 and 2 were fed with and without measuring gastric residual volume, respectively. The incidence of pneumonia was assessed using the Modified Clinical Pulmonary Infection Score prior to the intervention and on the fifth day post-intervention. The data were analyzed by the SPSS software version 22.
<strong>Results: </strong>The incidence of VAP was 9.12% in the group with gastric residual volume measurement and 7.14% in the other group. There was no significant difference between the two groups (P=0.827) regarding VAP prevalence.
<strong>Conclusion: </strong>Monitoring gastric residual volume requires aspiration and repeated measurements of gastric contents, resulting in increased nursing workload. Moreover, if the gastric residual volume is high, the patient will be deprived of calorie intake and subjected to malnutrition. As a result, removing the monitoring of gastric residual volume from the care setting and focusing on interventions proven to reduce VAP can be more helpful.https://www.tanaffosjournal.ir/article_254204_4bcf738b404ed560f6bb986602e7f6b2.pdfNational Research Institute of Tuberculosis and Lung Disease (NRITLD), Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IranTANAFFOS (Respiration)1735-034420420211001Relationship between Metabolic Syndrome Components and Severity of Asthma in Outpatients Referring to Alzahra Hospital Clinic327331254205ENMohammadEmami-ArdestaniDepartment of Internal Medicine, Pulmonary Division, AL-Zahra Hospital, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, IranGhazalehSajadiIsfahan Internal Medicine Research Center, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran.Journal Article20220822<strong>Background: </strong>Metabolic syndrome is the most common problem worldwide associated with numerous complications. Some studies indicated that metabolic syndrome is associated with asthma; therefore, this study aimed to investigate the possible relationship between metabolic syndrome components and severity of asthma in outpatients referring to Alzahra Hospital in Isfahan, Iran.
<strong>Materials and Methods: </strong>This descriptive cross-sectional study was performed on 200 patients with asthma referring to Alzahra Lung Clinic in Isfahan, Iran, within 2018-2020. The severity of asthma was evaluated by the Guidelines for the Diagnosis and Management of Asthma by the National Institutes of Health. The association between different categories of asthma severity and metabolic syndrome was investigated.
<strong>Results: </strong>The patients were divided into four categories according to the severity of asthma, including intermittent (n=63), mild (n=63), moderate (n=56), and severe (n=18). Moreover, 38.5% (n=77) of patients had metabolic syndrome, and there was no significant relationship between different categories of asthma severity and metabolic syndrome (P=0.73).
<strong>Conclusion: </strong>The prevalence of metabolic syndrome is high among patients with asthma; however, there was no significant relationship between metabolic syndrome and different categories of asthma severity.https://www.tanaffosjournal.ir/article_254205_787f2d9c6acd81a1b2966b4e9a312ccd.pdfNational Research Institute of Tuberculosis and Lung Disease (NRITLD), Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IranTANAFFOS (Respiration)1735-034420420211001Flow-Mediated Dilation, a Marker of Endothelial Cell Dysfunction, in Patients with Pulmonary Hypertension332336254206ENAhmadMirdamadiDepartment of Cardiology, Najafabad Branch, Islamic Azad University, Najafabad, Isfahan, IranMohammadShirzadNajafabad Branch, Islamic Azad University, Najafabad, Isfahan, IranRaanaAbrishamkarNajafabad Branch, Islamic Azad University, Najafabad, Isfahan, IranMohaddesehBehjatiRajaie Cardiovascular, Medical and Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IranJournal Article20220822<strong>Background: </strong>Flow-mediated dilation (FMD) is considered a marker of endothelial cell dysfunction (ECD) and has been mostly evaluated in coronary artery disease. The role of ECD in the pathogenesis of pulmonary hypertension (PH) is not well-known. This study sought to evaluate the relationship between FMD and PH.
<strong>Materials and Methods: </strong>In this cross-sectional study, the FMD of the brachial artery was measured in 40 confirmed PH patients. Meanwhile, echocardiographic findings, the 6-minute walk test (6MWT), and serum pro-brain natriuretic peptide (pro-BNP) level were evaluated. Overall, 20 patients accomplished all evaluations, and their data were analyzed using SPSS software (version 23).
<strong>Results: </strong>There was<strong> </strong>an inverse relationship between pro-BNP and 6MWT (r<0, P<0.05). A significant direct relationship was observed between left ventricular ejection fraction and FMD (P=0.031). Right ventricular (RV) dilation was significantly correlated with pro-BNP (P=0.046). There was a significant direct correlation between RV function and FMD and a significant inverse relationship between pro-BNP and FMD (P=0.05). The independent t-test showed no relationship between FMD and syncope (P=0.75).
<strong>Conclusion: </strong>Endothelial cell function, which can be evaluated by FMD, was involved in patients with PH. The FMD and 6MWT were helpful as objective prognostic markers in PH. Furthermore, pro-BNP was a noninvasive indicator in the diagnosis of RV systolic dysfunction.https://www.tanaffosjournal.ir/article_254206_a6ddc9ce93fa9751bf53c611db0a9460.pdfNational Research Institute of Tuberculosis and Lung Disease (NRITLD), Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IranTANAFFOS (Respiration)1735-034420420211001Comparison of Effect of High-Intensity Interval Training and Aerobic Training on Respiratory Volumes in Female Students337344254207ENSaeedehShadmehriDepartment of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, Yadegar-e-Imam Khomeini (RAH) Shahr-e Ray Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, IranNasibehKazemiDepartment of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, Marvdasht Branch, Islamic Azad University, Marvdasht, Iran0000-0002-8105-8874Fatemeh ZahraHeydariDepartment of Exercise Physiology, Bushehr Branch, Islamic Azad University, Bushehr, IranJournal Article20220822<strong>Background: </strong>Sedentary lifestyle can cause the deterioration of respiratory indices. The interventions, such as physical activity programs, might prevent such deterioration. This study aimed to compare the effect of high-intensity interval training (HIIT) and aerobic training on the respiratory volumes in female students.
<strong>Materials and Methods: </strong>In this semi-experimental study, 30 healthy inactive volunteer female students (age: 26.3±4.30 years; height: 1.63±8.36 m; body mass index: 20-28 kg/m<sup>2</sup>) were divided randomly into two HIIT and aerobic training groups. The aerobic training consisted of three sessions of 50-60 minutes of exercise with an intensity of 70-85% of the maximum heart rate per week for 4 weeks. Additionally, the HIIT program included six repetitions of 4 minutes with an intensity of 90-95% of maximum heart rate for 4 weeks on a treadmill. Spirometry tests were performed to determine lung function before and after the training protocols. The data were analyzed by the independent and dependent t-tests at p < 0.05.
<strong>Results: </strong>The results showed that aerobic training significantly improved the forced expiratory volume in one second (P=0.045), forced expiratory flow (FEF) within 25-75% (P=0.002), and peak expiratory flow (P=0.003); however, HIIT did not have a significant effect on these indicators. There was no significant difference between the two types of training in any of the indicators except for FEF within 25-75%.
<strong>Conclusion: </strong>According to the study results, aerobic training might be more effective in the improvement of pulmonary parameters than intense training.https://www.tanaffosjournal.ir/article_254207_dc203c46f0a9bfebcfc6ba441389e669.pdfNational Research Institute of Tuberculosis and Lung Disease (NRITLD), Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IranTANAFFOS (Respiration)1735-034420420211001Frequency of Multi-Drug Resistance and Molecular Characteristics of Resistance to Colistin in Acinetobacter baumannii Collected from Patients in Intensive Care Units with Ventilator-Associated Pneumonia345352254208ENSamanehBabaeiNational Research Institute of Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases (NRITLD), Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Science, Tehran, IranMihanPourabdollahChronic Respiratory Disease Research Center, NRITLD, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Science, Tehran, IranMasoumehAslanimehrMedical Microbiology Research Center, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, IranFarhadNikkhahiMedical Microbiology Research Center and Cellular and Molecular Research, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, IranSaeidMahmoodianChronic Respiratory Disease Research Center, NRITLD, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Science, Tehran, IranYasamanHasaniLaboratory of Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Science, Tehran, IranFatemeh MaryamSheikholeslamiPediatric Respiratory Diseases Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Science, Tehran, IranJournal Article20220822<strong>Background: </strong><em>Acinetobacter baumannii</em> is one of the most common causes of ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) in patients hospitalized in ICU. Multiple resistance has resulted in excessive use of Colistin antibiotic, which is the latest treatment option for this bacterium. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to determine the abundance of multi-resistance and molecular characteristics of resistance to colistin among <em>A. baumannii</em> isolated from patients that are infected with VAP and hospitalized in ICU of “Qazvin” and “Masih Daneshvari” hospitals.<br /><strong>Materials and Methods: </strong>In this study, 200 A<em>. baumannii</em> isolates related to VAP were collected from ICU of “Masih Daneshvari” (2012-2018) and “Qazvin” (2017-2018) hospitals, from bronchoalveolar lavage & tracheal aspirate specimens. Isolates were detected as <em>A. baumannii</em><em> </em>by PCR with specific primers of the bla<sub>OXA-51-like </sub>gene. Antibacterial susceptibility of isolates to colistin was determined by the MIC method, and other antibiotics were examined by the disk diffusion method, according to the CLSI criteria. Multi-drug resistance (MDR) and extended–drug resistance (XDR) isolates were determined according to standard definitions of the CLSI.<br /><strong>Results: </strong>All the isolates were susceptible to colistin. Moreover, they were resistant to piperacillin, piperacillin-tazobactam, ceftazidime, cefotaxime, ceftriaxone, amikacin, gentamycin, levofloxacin, co-trimoxazole, and ciprofloxacin. Antimicrobial resistance rates for tetracycline and ampicillin-sulbactam were 8.5% and 20%, respectively. All isolates were MDR and XDR. All isolates were susceptible to colistin (MIC50=1 and MIC90=2 µg/ml). The sequencing results did not show any point mutation in <em>pmr CAB</em> genes, and <em>mcr-1 </em>gene was not detected in any isolates.<br /><strong>Conclusion: </strong>In this study, all <em>A. baumannii </em>isolates collected from VAP patients were MDR and XDR<em>. </em>Although all isolates were susceptible to colistin, and this agent seems the most appropriate antibiotic for treatment of VAP, colistin resistance can become endemic in the world rapidly due to plasmid-mediated mobile colistin resistance <em>mcr</em> genes.https://www.tanaffosjournal.ir/article_254208_3eb8dacdf54192e6774cf88ac8029ce4.pdfNational Research Institute of Tuberculosis and Lung Disease (NRITLD), Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IranTANAFFOS (Respiration)1735-034420420211001A Lysine-Functionalized Graphene Oxide-Based Nanoplatform for Delivery of Fluorouracil to A549 Human Lung Cancer Cells: A Comparative Study353362254209ENMaryamAshjaranDepartment of Chemistry, Tabriz Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tabriz, IranMirzaaghaBabazadehDepartment of Chemistry, Tabriz Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tabriz, IranAbolfazlAkbarzadehDrug Applied Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, IranUniversal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tabriz, IranSoodabehDavaranDepartment of Medical Nanotechnology, Faculty of Advanced Medical Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, IranRoyaSalehiDepartment of Medical Nanotechnology, Faculty of Advanced Medical Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, IranJournal Article20220822<strong>Background:</strong> Today, increasing attention is being paid to the application of biocompatible polymers as drug carriers with low cytotoxicity in drug delivery systems to enhance the therapeutic effects of anticancer agents.
<strong>Materials and Methods: </strong>In this study, a biocompatible synthetic polymer (grafted on graphene oxide), composed of N-isopropylacrylamide and 1-vinyl-2-pyrrolidone with L-lysine segments (Lys/PNIPAM-PVP/GO), was developed as a nano-vehicle for the drug. This platform was used for the delivery of fluorouracil (FU) to A549 human lung cancer cells. The superior characteristics of the platform included low-cost precursors, easy synthesis, and the presence of many functional groups for loading drugs. To determine and compare the cytotoxic effects of free FU and its formulated form on the A549 cells, MTT assay was performed; the results showed no significant toxicity difference between the two treated groups (free and formulated FU).
For further evaluations, cellular uptake assays were performed via fluorescence microscopy and flow cytometry.
<strong>Results: </strong>Both analyses revealed the low internalization of nano-vehicle into the A549 cells, with 4.31% and 8.75% cellular uptakes in the first two and four hours of treatment. Therefore, the low penetration rate reduced the toxicity of drug-loaded nano-vehicle.
<strong>Conclusion: </strong>Finally, DAPI staining and Annexin V-FITC staining were performed as complementary techniques to determine cell apoptosishttps://www.tanaffosjournal.ir/article_254209_fac13d4c3c1723cff733ecad21a5ee70.pdfNational Research Institute of Tuberculosis and Lung Disease (NRITLD), Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IranTANAFFOS (Respiration)1735-034420420211001Pulmonary Alveolar Proteinosis in Children: Diagnosis and Treatment Outcomes363367254212ENMaryamHassanzadPediatric Respiratory Diseases Research Center, National Research Institute of Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases (NRITLD), Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IranSaberehTashayoie-NejadPediatric Respiratory Diseases Research Center, National Research Institute of Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases (NRITLD), Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IranMohammadrezaBoloursazPediatric Respiratory Diseases Research Center, National Research Institute of Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases (NRITLD), Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IranSeyed AlirezaMahdavianiPediatric Respiratory Diseases Research Center, National Research Institute of Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases (NRITLD), Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IranNooshinBaghaiePediatric Respiratory Diseases Research Center, National Research Institute of Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases (NRITLD), Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IranHosseinaliGhaffaripourPediatric Respiratory Diseases Research Center, National Research Institute of Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases (NRITLD), Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IranFarahnazAghahosseiniPediatric Respiratory Diseases Research Center, National Research Institute of Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases (NRITLD), Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IranZargham HosseinAhmadiLung Transplantation Research Center, NRITLD, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IranTaherehParsaTelemedicine Research Center, NRITLD, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IranBehroozFarzaneganTracheal Diseases Research Center, NRITLD, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IranAtefehFakharianChronic Respiratory Diseases Research Center, NRITLD, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IranSeyed JavadSeyediNeonatal Research Center, Imam Reza Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, IranAli AkbarVelayatiMycobacteriology Research Center, NRITLD, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IranJournal Article20220822<strong>Background: </strong>Pulmonary Alveolar Proteinosis (PAP) is an uncommon pulmonary disease characterized by the accumulation of surfactant composed of proteins and lipids due to disruption of surfactant clearance by alveolar macrophages. The current standard treatment is lung lavage. There are no specific criteria for lavage, but in case of observing these signs it is recommended to perform lavage for the patient: progressive respiratory failure, no labored breathing at rest, and drop in oxygen level during activity (>5%).<br /><strong>Materials and Methods:</strong> In this study, patients with PAP admitted to Pediatric ward of Masih Daneshvari Hospital were studied. The required data were collected including the patient's demographic data, clinical signs and radiographic data, the number of admissions, the age of diagnosis, detection and treatment methods, number of lavage, current condition of the patient, and in case of death, the cause of death.<br /><strong>Results:</strong> In this study, 17 patients with PAP who were admitted during the past 15 years were examined; among which 7 patients were boys (41.2%) and 10 were girls (58.8%). The mean age of population was 11.79±7.21 years. Transbronchial Lung Biopsy (TBLB) (47.1%) and open lung biopsy (52.9%) were used for diagnosis of patients. Lung lavage was used to treat patients, 15 of whom were treated by this method. Five of the patients died because of their serious conditions.<br /><strong>Conclusion:</strong> Therapy method in the present study was lavage for both lungs, and it was performed for all patients except for two patients due to their anatomical complications. This method is still considered as the gold standard for PAP. Considering the findings from previous studies and the present study, it seems that Whole Lung Lavage (WLL) was fruitful for patients who had the indication for using this therapy and it played a significant role in improving the prognosis of patients. Besides, it is recommended to do follow-up regularly in order to have more therapeutic efficacy and increased patient longevity.https://www.tanaffosjournal.ir/article_254212_0d3435dfe6fcacae0143b8c9937cc4e3.pdfNational Research Institute of Tuberculosis and Lung Disease (NRITLD), Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IranTANAFFOS (Respiration)1735-034420420211001Pneumothorax, Pneumomediastinum, and Subcutaneous Emphysema as Complications of COVID-19 Infection: A Case Series368372254210ENNargesTamaskaniClinical Research Development Unit (CRDU), Sayad Shirazi Hospital, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran.MahmoudKhandashpoorClinical Research Development Unit (CRDU), Sayad Shirazi Hospital, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran.SomayehLivaniClinical Research Development Unit (CRDU), Sayad Shirazi Hospital, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran.0000-0002-5748-4208Journal Article20220822The novel coronavirus infection is a global health concern in 2020. Computerized tomography (CT) scan has an important role in diagnosis and follow-up with the course of the disease. The most common radiologic findings in patients are bilateral peripheral patchy ground-glass opacities and consolidations. Although in a few cases, as we reported, we encountered some rare manifestations such as pneumothorax, pneumomediastinum, and subcutaneous emphysema, which imply distinct concerns about the management and outcome of the disease. Pulmonary interstitial emphysema develops due to an increase in alveolar pressure or because of alveolar rupture, secondary to alveolar membrane damage by the virus and proceed to such a complication. Therefore, it is crucial to be aware of the complications of novel coronavirus infection in the deterioration of the disease.https://www.tanaffosjournal.ir/article_254210_634e05a64e7c03e42052efa922730601.pdf