National Research Institute of Tuberculosis and Lung Disease (NRITLD), Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IranTANAFFOS (Respiration)1735-034411(winter)20020101Central Respiratory Drive: Molecular Basis and Genetics913241904ENHomayoun KazemiProfessor of Medicine, Harvard medical school, Chief-Emeritus, pulmonary and critical care unit, Massachusetts general Hospital,
Boston, U.S.AJournal Article20210128Central respiratory drive is of paramount importance in control of ventilation. The central drive is exquisitely sensitive to<br />changes in CO2/H+ concentration. New data show that the fast- acting neurotransmitter acetylcholine is essential in the<br />CO2/H+ ventilatory response as well as in generating the central drive. Ret gene and MASH-1 are essential in<br />development of the parasympathetic system and thus in the central respiratory drive. Clinical states of hypoventilation<br />most likely have a genetic defect affecting the cholinergic system.This article will review briefly the site and mechanisms<br />of action of CO2 centrally, the neurotransmitters involved in the process, the gene(s) involved in the process and clinical<br />states where there are abnormalities in the system and inevitably hypoventilation results.<br />(Tanaffos 2002;1(1):9-13 )https://www.tanaffosjournal.ir/article_241904_c8380d1d6fd2151756bc3503a5022b6f.pdfNational Research Institute of Tuberculosis and Lung Disease (NRITLD), Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IranTANAFFOS (Respiration)1735-034411(winter)20020101Factors Contributing to Pneumothorax in Transthoracic CT-Guided Needle Aspiration Biopsy1521241905ENBakhshayesh-Karam MDepartment of Radiology, NRITLD, Shaheed Beheshti University of Medical Sciences and Health Services, TEHRAN-IRANZahirifard SDepartment of Radiology, NRITLD, Shaheed Beheshti University of Medical Sciences and Health Services, TEHRAN-IRANMohsen Ghofrani MDepartment of Radiology, NRITLD, Shaheed Beheshti University of Medical Sciences and Health Services, TEHRAN-IRANFadaizadeh LDepartment of Radiology, NRITLD, Shaheed Beheshti University of Medical Sciences and Health Services, TEHRAN-IRANJournal Article20210128Background: We studied pneumothorax as a complication of transthoracic CT-guided needle aspiration biopsy, and its<br />correlation with different variables were determined.<br />Materials & Methods: This cross-sectional study was performed on 145 consecutive patients, aged 9-87 years (mean<br />55.3+17.6; M/F=1.6), during a 6-month period. We reviewed the pathology results of 150 biopsy specimens obtained from<br />the cases, and assessed the effect of lesion size, depth, patient age and patient emphysema on pneumothorax rate.<br />Results: Lesion size ranged 1-18 cm (mean 6.5+3.4 cm). 95 lesions had zero distance from the chest wall, which were all<br />taken into account in our calculations.Pneumothorax rate was 6 percent, and we found that lesion depth (p <0.05), lesion size<br />(p=0.069), patient age (p=0.058,) and presence of emphysema (p <0.001) are significantly associated with increasing<br />pneumothorax rate (CI=90%).<br />Conclusion: Lesion depth, lesion size, patient age, and emphysema significantly increase the rate of pneumothorax during<br />transthoracic CT-guided needle biopsy.(Tanaffos 2002;1(1):15-21)https://www.tanaffosjournal.ir/article_241905_65f1073123fd58358bb0320e2381c396.pdfNational Research Institute of Tuberculosis and Lung Disease (NRITLD), Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IranTANAFFOS (Respiration)1735-034411(winter)20020101Prevalence of Asthma and Related Symptoms in School-Aged Children in Boroojerd -IRANAsthma, Childhood, Prevalence2227241906ENGolshan MDepartment of internal medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences and Health Services, TEHRAN-IRANMohammadzadeh ZDepartment of internal medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences and Health Services, TEHRAN-IRANMoghaddasi MDepartment of internal medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences and Health Services, TEHRAN-IRANChegeni MDepartment of internal medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences and Health Services, TEHRAN-IRANJournal Article20210128Background: Asthma is the most common respiratory disease among children, which is widely underdiagnosed. This<br />epidemiological study was performed between 1998 and 1999 in Boroojerd to determine the prevalence of asthma and<br />its risk factors among school-aged children.<br />Materials and Methods: The ISSAC written questionnaires were used.<br />Results: A total of 1287 of 1331 questionnaires (96.7%) were returned. Prevalence of physician diagnosis of asthma,<br />asthma ever, current asthma, and episodically nocturnal cough with chest tightness were 1.5%, 21.1%, 5.7%, and 16.6%<br />respectively. Main risk factors for childhood asthma included: familial history of asthma, large family size, history of<br />severe respiratory infection in early childhood, paternal smoking, and keeping birds at home.<br />Conclusion: There is a high prevalence rates for asthma among 7-12 year old children in non-pollutant towns such as<br />Boroojerd.(Tanaffos 2002;1(1):22-27)https://www.tanaffosjournal.ir/article_241906_432ed121aad38019ca6dffbaa702d898.pdfNational Research Institute of Tuberculosis and Lung Disease (NRITLD), Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IranTANAFFOS (Respiration)1735-034411(winter)20020101Susceptibility of Mycobacterium Tuberculosis to β-Lactamase with or without β-Lactamase Inhibitors2835242067ENEslami-Nejad ZDepartment of Microobiology,Kerman University of Medical Sciences and Health Services, KERMAN,IRANGhazi-Saidi KDepartment of Microbiology,School of Public Health,Tehran University of Medical Sciences and Health Services, TEHRAN-IRANFarnia PDepartment of Microbiology, NRITLD,Shaheed Beheshti University of Medical Sciences and Health Services, TEHRAN-IRANVelayati AADepartment of Pediatrics, NRITLD,Shaheed Beheshti University of Medical Sciences and Health Services, TEHRAN-IRANJournal Article20210203<strong>Background</strong> :<em>Reemergence of tuberculosis along with multi drug- resistant strains has made both the treatment of affected patients and the progress of eradication programs a real struggle. Most second –line drugs are toxic and expensive and it is necessary to search for effective anti-tuberculosis drugs which are safer and less expensive. Due to their structure and production of </em><em>β</em><em>-Lactamase enzyme, mycobacteria are considered as </em><em>β</em><em> -lactam resistant. </em><br /> <strong>Materials and Methods: </strong><em>we study the effects of </em><em>β</em><em> -Lactamase inhibition on the susceptibility of mycobacterium to </em><em>β</em><em> -Lactamase, changes in Minimal Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) of four cephalosporins; cephapirin, ceftriaxone, cefotaxime, and cefoperazone in the presence of sulbactam in both sensitive and resistant mycobacteria. </em><br /> <strong>Results:</strong><em>β</em><em> –Lactamase production was assessed with the Nitrosfin method and all strains were </em><em>β-Lactamase.</em><em> Resistant strains showed less sensitivity to </em><em>β</em><em> -Lactamas and both groups were most sensitive to cephapirin. Equal doses of sulbactam added to the cephalosporins reduced their MICs from zero to 16 times. MIC reduction was more pronounced with ceftriaxone in the sensitive group and with cefoperazone in the resisitant group.</em><br /> <strong>Conclusion:</strong><em>Althoughantimycobacterial effects of </em><em>β</em><em> -lactamase such as cephalosporin in combination with </em><em>β</em><em> -Lactamase inhibitors, could not be compared with first- line anti TB drugs. We are still hopeful these drugs with the least side effects could be considered as the second- line anti TB drugs in near future.</em><strong>(Tanaffos 2002;1(1):28-35)</strong>https://www.tanaffosjournal.ir/article_242067_2c5c7d9d07862a8099c824f57a1552a1.pdfNational Research Institute of Tuberculosis and Lung Disease (NRITLD), Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IranTANAFFOS (Respiration)1735-034411(winter)20210128Treatment of Post-intubation Tracheal Stenosis with Nd-YAG Laser3640241907ENJabbar Darjani HRDepartment of Pulmonary Medicine,Mirminachi FDepartment of Pulmonary MedicineArami SDepartment of Pulmonary Medicine,Abbassi ADepartment of Thoracic Surgery, NRITLD, Shaheed Beheshti University of Medical Sciences
and Health Services, TEHRAN-IRANMasjedi MRDepartment of Pulmonary Medicine,Journal Article20210128Background: Tracheal intubation is a very common procedure for maintaining patency of airway in critically ill patients.<br />Intubation may lead to local complications such as tracheal destruction and post-intubation stenosis. There are two<br />different therapeutic approaches for such patients. The first one is surgical end-to-end anastomosis suitable for severe<br />destructions and fibrosis formations. The second and novel method is utilization of Nd-YAG Laser that can correct<br />intraluminal airway lesions including webs, granulation tissues and fibrous bands. Nd-YAG laser employment decreases<br />hospitalization period, complications and, expenses; in addition, it saves medical staff’s time and energy.<br />Materials and Methods: An uncontrolled clinical trial was performed in post-intubation tracheal stenosis cases<br />admitted to “National Research Institute of Tuberculosis and Lung Disease” (NRITLD) between 1994 to 1999.<br />Bronchoscopy was performed for all patients, and those with the following inclusion criteria underwent Laser therapy:<br />length of stenosis less than 2 cm, tracheal lumen diameter more than 5mm, and granulation tissue type lesions. Patients<br />who did not meet the aforementioned criteria were referred for surgical interventions. Laser therapy was employed by<br />fiberoptic bronchoscopy under local anesthesia. For those patients with tracheal lumen diameter between 5-10 mm rigid<br />bronchoscopy was performed under general anesthesia.<br />Results: Of 32 patients, 25 met the primary criteria for Laser therapy, from which 22 (88%) were completely cured.<br />Because of poor general condition, 5 of 7 other patients who had been referred for surgery, underwent Laser therapy,<br />therefore a total of 30 patients (93%) took advantage of this technique. Overall, 23 patients were treated only with Laser<br />therapy, 2 patients only with surgery and 7 patients with a combination of these two approaches.<br />Conclusion: This trial revealed that if patients with post-intubation tracheal stenosis are selected correctly, Laser<br />therapy can be used as a beneficial and safe method with satisfactory results. (Tanaffos 2002; 1(1):36-40).https://www.tanaffosjournal.ir/article_241907_4853f34d1f30ff433e269f494850c2fd.pdfNational Research Institute of Tuberculosis and Lung Disease (NRITLD), Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IranTANAFFOS (Respiration)1735-034411(winter)20020101Evaluation of Spirometery Parameters and Clinical Symptoms in Tobacco-Industry Workers Exposed to Dust in Tobacco Factory4145241908ENJamaati HRDeparment of Internal Medicine. NRITLD, Shaheed Beheshti University of Medical Sciences and Health ServicesAghili-nejad MDepartment of Occupational MedicineBoloory ADepartment of Occupational MedicineAzar-Khish KDeparment of Internal Medicine. NRITLD, Shaheed Beheshti University of Medical Sciences and Health ServicesMasjedi MRDeparment of Internal Medicine. NRITLD, Shaheed Beheshti University of Medical Sciences and Health ServicesJournal Article20210128Background: Despite the fact that many surveys have been carried out on adverse effects of tobacco and diseases<br />attributable to smoking, only a few studies have described the effects of tobacco dust in tobacco-industry workers.<br />Materials and Methods: A total of 487 nonsmoking factory workers were randomly selected from different sections of<br />the factory for this cross-sectional study. Having completed the questionnaire, they underwent spirometry and other<br />examinations including DLCO, TLC, chest X-ray, and CT scan.<br />Results: Five cases developed COPD (1.27%) of whom 4 (0.96%) were working in cigarette fabricating section. Of 8<br />patients with asthma (1.92%), 3(0.72%) worked in an area where cigarettes were fabricated. Restrictive disorders were<br />reported in 6 workers (1.42%) of whom 2 were in the sorting-blending and fabricating sections (0.48%) and 1 in tobacco<br />packaging (0.24%) section.<br />Conclusion: The results implied high prevalence of obstructive disorders in the workers of cigarette fabricating<br />section. We have concluded that working in different sections of a cigarette factory and also working experience have no<br />significant relationship with pulmonary disorders and radiologic appearance of nonsmoking workers.<br />(Tanaffos 2002;1(1),41-45)https://www.tanaffosjournal.ir/article_241908_3cf4d6e19d265b5192c6c483bcfaeefc.pdfNational Research Institute of Tuberculosis and Lung Disease (NRITLD), Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IranTANAFFOS (Respiration)1735-034411(winter)20020101Comparison of Right Tei Index Between Normal Individuals and Patients with Pulmonary Disease4649242005ENBehzadnia NCardiology Unit, NRITLD, Shaheed Beheshti University of Medical Sciences and Health Services, TEHRAN-IRANSharif-Khashani BCardiology Unit, NRITLD, Shaheed Beheshti University of Medical Sciences and Health Services, TEHRAN-IRANShokoofi-Moghiman ShCardiology Unit, NRITLD, Shaheed Beheshti University of Medical Sciences and Health Services, TEHRAN-IRANKoroorian ARCardiology Unit, NRITLD, Shaheed Beheshti University of Medical Sciences and Health Services, TEHRAN-IRANJournal Article20210203<strong>Background:</strong><em> Tei index is an echocardiographic indicator for studying the function of ventricles. In most studies ,left Tei measurement was used to evaluate cardiac function in patients with heart failure, where its increase indicates left ventricular involvement. The following study was designed to compare right Tei index in healthy people with that of pulmonary patients in order to determine the effects of pulmonary diseases and their consequent cardiovascular complications.</em><br /> <strong>Materials and Methods: </strong><em>The study population included 78 pulmonary patients and 37 normal individuals.</em><br /> <em>Doppler-echo imaging was performed by VingMed set, model CFM750 for all patients and the information was recorded in data sheets. Finally, results were analyzed by SPSS statistical software package, version 9.0. </em><br /> <strong>Results: </strong><em>The mean (</em><em>±</em><em>SD) of age in the pulmonary patients and normal individuals was reported 49.28 </em><em>±19.11 and 36.57± 15.46 respectively. Meanwhile, Tei index was revealed to be independent of age, sex, ventricular geometry, pulse, and blood pressure, thus no interference resulted from intervening factors. The mean (± SD) of right Tei index was measured 0.47± 0.25 and 0.38± 0.16 in the pulmonary patients and normal individuals respectively. </em><br /> <br /> <strong>Conclusion: </strong><em>Regarding the difference found between Tei index of these two groups, it seems as if significant change in Tei index is strongly associated with pulmonary disease. Therefore, it is worth surveying, the correlation between Tei index and other cardiac indices in pulmonary disease.<strong>(Tanaffos 2002;1(1):46-49)</strong></em>https://www.tanaffosjournal.ir/article_242005_26e0c73ef45782c3f8497046aedb1ae5.pdfNational Research Institute of Tuberculosis and Lung Disease (NRITLD), Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IranTANAFFOS (Respiration)1735-034411(winter)20020101Asthma in Pregnancy5054242006ENKhalilzadeh SDepartment of Pediatrics, NRITLD, Shaheed Beheshti University of Medical Sciences and Health Services, Tehran, IranPoroushani AHDepartment of Pediatrics, NRITLD, Shaheed Beheshti University of Medical Sciences and Health Services, Tehran, IranMasjedi MRDepartment of Pulmonary Medicine, NRITLD, Shaheed Beheshti University of Medical Sciences and Health Services,Journal Article20210203<strong>Background: </strong><em>Asthma is among the most prevalent disease that may lead to both maternal and fetal complications during pregnancy. Low birth weight and prematurity have been shown to be associated with asthma in some studies. This study was designed to determine the association of asthma and pregnancy.</em><br /> <strong>Materials and methods:</strong><em> 44 parturients with asthma exacerbation were eligible to be enrolled in this descriptive study. Variables including age, personal smoking, environmental tobacco smoke exposure, number of pregnancies, and maternal age at the time of pregnancy were all determined. Pulmonary Function Test (PFT) was performed before, after, and during the pregnancy; meanwhile, the fetal status was recorded.</em><br /> <strong>Results:</strong><em> The mean age (± SD) of these women was 28.3 ± 5.8 years (range, 15-40). PFT has revealed asthma exacerbation during and after pregnancy in 36.4% and 15.9% of the participants respectively. Pregnancies were led to normal childbirth in 93.2%. </em><br /> <strong>Conclusion:</strong><em> Multigravidity (</em><em>≥</em><em>3) was associated with postpartum symptom improvement. There was a significant correlation between maternal age of </em><em>≥</em><em>30 and asthma exacerbation during and after the pregnancy. <strong>(Tanaffos 2002;1(1):50-54)</strong></em>https://www.tanaffosjournal.ir/article_242006_2f40dfbef9fba152dfc1241b18aa0d43.pdfNational Research Institute of Tuberculosis and Lung Disease (NRITLD), Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IranTANAFFOS (Respiration)1735-034411(winter)20020101Primary Tracheal Synovial Cell Sarcoma: Case Report5560242066ENMir-Afsharieh SADepartment of Clinical Anatomical Pathology,NRITLD, Shaheed Beheshti Medical Univesity, TEHRAN-IRANArab MDepartment of Thoracic Surgery, NRITLD, Shaheed Beheshti Medical Univesity, TEHRAN-IRANMohammadi FDepartment of Clinical Anatomical Pathology, NRITLD, Shaheed Beheshti Medical Univesity, TEHRAN-IRANBahadori MDepartment of Clinical Anatomical Pathology, NRITLD, Shaheed Beheshti Medical Univesity, TEHRAN-IRANJournal Article20210203Synovial sarcoma is a malignant soft tissue with varying of mesenchymal and epithelial differentiation. This tumor is usually occurs in paraarticular regions and uncommonly within the articular cavity of upper and lower extremities. On rare occasions it ossurs in areas without any apparent relationship to synovial structures such as abdominal wall, tongue, and parapharyngeal region. Primary tracheal tumors are relatively uncommon, estimated 2.7 new cases per million per year. Sarcomas are rarely seen as a primary tracheal tumor. Only one case of primary synovial sarcoma of trachea was reported.<br /> We report a case of primary synovial sarcpma of trachea in a 10 years old female. The patient underwent tracheal resection. The tumor was composed of spindle shaped cell in fascicular pattern and a few cystic structures. The tumor cells showed positive reaction for epithelial membrane antigen (EMA) and cytokeratin.https://www.tanaffosjournal.ir/article_242066_34d31b3702a18fb7a5bda1d5635dbc76.pdf