National Research Institute of Tuberculosis and Lung Disease (NRITLD), Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran TANAFFOS (Respiration) 1735-0344 11 4(autumn) 2012 12 01 Role of P2X7 Receptors in Release of IL-1β: A Possible Mediator of Pulmonary Inflammation 6 11 240108 EN Esmaeil Mortaz Division of Pharmacology, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands, Chronic Respiratory Disease Research Center, National Research Institute of Tuberculosis and Lung Disease (NRITLD), Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Ian M Adcock Cell and Molecular Biology Group, Airways Disease Section, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, UK Hamed Shafei Division of Pharmacology, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands, Mohammad Reza Masjedi Chronic Respiratory Disease Research Center, National Research Institute of Tuberculosis and Lung Disease (NRITLD), Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Gert Folkerts Division of Pharmacology, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands, Journal Article 2020 12 23 Extracellular ATP is a signaling molecule which plays an important role in alerting the immune system in case of any tissue damage. Recent studies show that binding of ATP to the ionotropic P2X7 receptor of inflammatory cells (macrophages and monocytes) will induce caspase 1 activation. Stimulation of caspase 1 activity results in maturation and release of IL-1 in the inflammasome in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) patients. COPD is an inflammatory disease characterized by emphysema and/or chronic bronchitis and is mostly associated with cigarette smoking. It is one of the leading causes of death in humans and there is currently no medication to stop the progression of disease. A deeper understanding of the mechanism by which the P2X7 receptor triggers IL-1 maturation and release, may open new opportunities for the treatment of inflammatory diseases such as COPD. https://www.tanaffosjournal.ir/article_240108_57d491860e9fc80a0b11d2e20970e375.pdf

National Research Institute of Tuberculosis and Lung Disease (NRITLD), Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran TANAFFOS (Respiration) 1735-0344 11 4(autumn) 2012 12 01 Proline-Glycine-Proline as a Potential Biomarker in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease and Cystic Fibrosis 12 15 240109 EN Arne Lucas Ten Hoeve Division of Pharmacology, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands Mojtaba Abdul Roda Division of Pharmacology, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands Frank Redegeld Division of Pharmacology, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands Gert Folkerts Division of Pharmacology, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands James Edwin Blalock Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA Amit Gaggar Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA Journal Article 2020 12 23 The present review discusses the role of tri-peptide Proline –Glycine -Proline (PGP) as a potential player, biomarker and therapeutic target in this process. https://www.tanaffosjournal.ir/article_240109_9578b47ab7b575c8031e1e72a0d4ee18.pdf

National Research Institute of Tuberculosis and Lung Disease (NRITLD), Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran TANAFFOS (Respiration) 1735-0344 11 4(autumn) 2012 12 01 Effect of Age on Response to Treatment in Adult Patients with Severe Persistent Asthma 16 21 240110 EN Ebrahim Razi Departments of Internal Medicine, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran. Gholam Abbass Moosavi Departments of Internal Medicine, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran. Armin Razi Departments of Internal Medicine, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran. Journal Article 2020 12 23 Background: Due to current controversies regarding the effect of age on response to treatment in asthmatic patient, the present study was performed on patients referred with acute asthma attack for further evaluation of this matter. Materials and Methods: In this study 138 patients with severe persistent asthma were enrolled and divided into two categories of young (age ≤35 yrs; 82 cases, mean age = 25.2±7.3 years) and elderly subjects (≥50 yrs; 56 cases, mean age 57.4±6.4 years). Response to treatment was determined by pulmonary function tests. Results: The mean percentage change of FEV1 from baseline in male and female patients of young and old age was 75.05±46.61 and 71.39±41.30%, (P=0.721) and 100.79±51.34% and 69±37.39% (P=0.015), respectively. The mean percentage of possible improvement of FEV1 among male and female patients of young and old age was 62.81±25.67% and 54.46±23.82% (P=0.148), and 78±24.04% and 63.58±41.24% (P=0.087); respectively. Conclusion: Response to treatment was significant in both young and old age groups suffering from acute asthmatic attack except for young female patients in which, percentage change of FEV1 increased compared to older patients. Among other patients this value and percentage of possible improvement of FEV1 between the 2 groups did not change significantly and age did not play a significant role in assessing the response to treatment in acute asthmatic attack. https://www.tanaffosjournal.ir/article_240110_a74e0f77e96530ad1887755e3e26eadf.pdf

National Research Institute of Tuberculosis and Lung Disease (NRITLD), Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran TANAFFOS (Respiration) 1735-0344 11 4(autumn) 2012 12 01 The Relationship between COPD Assessment Test (CAT) Scores and Severity of Airflow Obstruction in Stable COPD Patients 22 26 240111 EN Hassan Ghobadi Department of Internal Medicine, Pulmonary Division, 0000-0001-7480-5651 Saeid Sadeghieh Ahari Department of Community Medicine, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Ardabil, Iran, Azadeh Kameli Department of Internal Medicine, Pulmonary Division, Sharzad M.Lari Department of Internal Medicine, Pulmonary Division, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran. Journal Article 2020 12 23 Background: COPD is a major cause of morbidity in smokers. The COPD assessment test (CAT) is a validated test for evaluation of COPD impact on health status. CAT is not a diagnostic test and pulmonary function test (PFT) still remains the most important diagnostic test. However, its predictive value for evaluation of disease impact is weak. The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship between CAT score and PFT in COPD patients. Materials and Methods: We evaluated 105 patients with stable COPD. Demographic data were obtained at baseline. Severity of airflow obstruction was assessed by standard spirometry and classified by the Global initiative for Obstructive Lung Disease (GOLD) criteria. Then, the impact of COPD on health status was assessed using CAT. The CAT scores were categorized into four groups. We statistically compared the relationship between CAT score, COPD stages, CAT groups and PFT. Results: The mean age of patients and mean period of smoking (p/y) were 59.60±11.93SD and 35.43±15.33 SD yrs, respectively. The mean FEV1%predicted was 71.01±26.70SD.The mean CAT score was 19.61±8.07 SD. The correlation between the severity of smoking and GOLD classification was significant (p=0.006).There was a significant association between the FEV1%predicted and total CAT score (r= -0.55, p < 0.001). The correlation between mean FEV1%predicted and mean score of CAT groups 1, 2, 3, and 4 was statistically significant (p <0.001). Conclusion: The relationship between CAT score and FEV1%predicted suggests that CAT is linked to severity of airflow limitation and GOLD classification in stable COPD patients. Health status as measured by CAT worsens with severity of airflow limitation. https://www.tanaffosjournal.ir/article_240111_0c4df025e970797ff6e1e49aaed37bfe.pdf

National Research Institute of Tuberculosis and Lung Disease (NRITLD), Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran TANAFFOS (Respiration) 1735-0344 11 4(autumn) 1999 11 30 Outcome of the Surgical Treatment of Bullous Lung Disease: A Prospective Study 27 33 240112 EN Yasir Ahmad Lone Sher-i-Kashmir Institute of Medical Sciences, Srinagar, India Abdul Majeed Dar Sher-i-Kashmir Institute of Medical Sciences, Srinagar, India Mukand Lal Sharma Sher-i-Kashmir Institute of Medical Sciences, Srinagar, India Irfan Robbani Sher-i-Kashmir Institute of Medical Sciences, Srinagar, India Arif Hussain Sarmast Sher-i-Kashmir Institute of Medical Sciences, Srinagar, India Enas Mushtaq Sher-i-Kashmir Institute of Medical Sciences, Srinagar, India Mohammad Yousuf Kachroo Sher-i-Kashmir Institute of Medical Sciences, Srinagar, India Omar Masood Khan Sher-i-Kashmir Institute of Medical Sciences, Srinagar, India Journal Article 1999 11 30 Background: This study aimed at evaluating the outcome of surgery for bullous lung disease by comparing the preoperative and postoperative subjective dyspnea score, pulmonary function and clinical features. Materials and Methods: This prospective study was conducted from May 2009 to October 2011, on 54 patients operated for bullous lung disease. Follow-up at 3-6 months consisted of taking a comprehensive history, physical examination, radiological work-up, and evaluation of changes in subjective dyspnea score, arterial blood gas analysis (ABG), and pulmonary function test (PFT). After comparison with preoperative values, the student’s paired t-test was used to calculate the statistical significance. Results: With approximately 21.6 cases per year, the most common underlying lung pathology was primary bullous lung disease, followed by COPD. The most common presenting complaint was spontaneous pneumothorax in tall young adults in their fourth decade of life with a history of smoking. Bullectomy, with or without decortication, was done for all cases. Improvement in mean PaO2 (arterial partial pressure of oxygen), SaO2 (arterial oxygen saturation) and PaCO2 (arterial partial pressure of carbon dioxide) was seen in most cases but was statistically insignificant. Improvement in mean FEV1 (forced expiratory volume in 1st second), FVC (forced vital capacity) and FEV1 / FVC was statistically significant, with FEV1 being the most reliable indicator of postoperative progress. Improvement in subjective dyspnea score was statistically significant and showed an inverse correlation with FEV1. Those with diffuse pulmonary parenchymal involvement had poorer baseline values and less significant postoperative improvement. Complications occurred more commonly in those with diffuse disease. Mortality was seen exclusively in those with diffuse disease. Conclusion: We conclude that surgery is required for bullous lung disease more frequently in our community since we have a high number of young patients with primary bullous lung disease and localized parenchymal involvement and these patients have a good surgical outcome. Potentially fatal complications like pneumothorax and recurrent infections can therefore be prevented in them. Those with underlying diffuse disease and severely decreased FEV1 (especially below 1 L) also benefit from surgery but require careful patient selection. https://www.tanaffosjournal.ir/article_240112_70c3300e28e636b10ac748f266ae813b.pdf

National Research Institute of Tuberculosis and Lung Disease (NRITLD), Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran TANAFFOS (Respiration) 1735-0344 11 4(autumn) 2012 12 01 Pattern of Pulmonary Function Test Abnormalities in Anthracofibrosis of the Lungs 34 37 240113 EN Majid Mirsadraee Department of Internal Medicine, Islamic Azad University – Mashhad Branch, Mashhad, Iran, Amir Asnaashari Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran. Davood Attaran Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran. Journal Article 2020 12 23 Background: The objective of this study was to discuss the spirometric characteristics of anthracofibrosis which is a from of bronchial anthracosis associated with deformity. Materials and Methods: Forty anthracofibrosis subjects who were diagnosed with bronchoscopy were enrolled in this prospective study. Static and dynamic spirometry plus lung volumes and diffusion capacity were measured in this group and compared to a healthy control group. Results: Dyspnea (95%), cough (86%) and wheezing (68%) were the most frequent clinical findings. Spirometry showed significant decrease in all parameters including VC (FVC), FEV1, FEV1/FVC, FEF25-75 and FEF25-75 /FVC. The low value of FEV1/FVC and FEF25-75 and the increment of RV were in favor of obstructive patterns in 95% of subjects. Improving the obstruction with bronchodilator was not significant and diffusion capacity was mostly normal. Conclusion: Anthracofibrosis should be added to the list of chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases. https://www.tanaffosjournal.ir/article_240113_2177331ff6bed5577ae762679551045a.pdf

National Research Institute of Tuberculosis and Lung Disease (NRITLD), Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran TANAFFOS (Respiration) 1735-0344 11 4(autumn) 2012 12 01 Silicosis among Stone- Cutter Workers: A Cross-Sectional Study 38 41 240114 EN Mashaallah Aghilinejad Department of Occupational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine Occupational Medicine Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), Tehran, Iran Ali Naserbakht Occupational Medicine Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), Tehran, Iran Morteza Naserbakht Occupational Medicine Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), Tehran, Iran Ghavamedin Attari Occupational Medicine Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), Tehran, Iran Occupational Hygienist Journal Article 2020 12 23 Background: Production process of most factory-made products is harmful to our health and environment. Silica is the most important stone used in stone cutting factories. Numerous researches have reported respiratory diseases due to the inhalation of these particles in various occupations. Silicosis is a disease with typical radiographic pattern caused as the result of inhalation of silica particles. According to the intensity of exposures and onset of initiation of clinical symptoms silicosis is classified into three groups of acute, chronic and accelerated forms. The present study evaluated silicosis among stone cutter workers. Materials and Methods: This cross sectional study was performed on stone cutter workers in Malayer city (Azandarian) between 2008 and 2009. Respiratory data of our study participants were collected with a respiratory questionnaire and performing spirometry tests and chest radiography. Results: Among our participants, 16 silicosis cases were diagnosed by radiographic changes. Among them, 10 workers had exposure for more than three years and 6 workers were smokers. Eleven workers had an abnormal radiographic pattern on their chest x-rays. Seven workers had obstructive and 4 workers had restrictive spirometric patterns. Conclusion: Prevalence of silicosis was high among our understudy workers and preventive strategies are required to control it. https://www.tanaffosjournal.ir/article_240114_be60bd7ff30a6ab5f4d20b3bfda68820.pdf

National Research Institute of Tuberculosis and Lung Disease (NRITLD), Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran TANAFFOS (Respiration) 1735-0344 11 4(autumn) 2012 12 01 Balloon Bronchoplasty: Case Series 42 48 240115 EN Hamid Reza Jabbardarjani Tracheal Diseases Research Center Arda Kiani Tracheal Diseases Research Center Negar Sheikhi Tracheal Diseases Research Center. Azadeh Arab Tracheal Diseases Research Center Mohammad Reza Masjedi Chronic Respiratory Diseases Research Center, NRITLD, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences Tehran, Iran. Journal Article 2020 12 23 Central airway stenosis may be a manifestation of benign or malignant lesions and can be a life threatening condition. There are different surgical and endoscopic modalities for treatment of these lesions. Balloon bronchoscopy is an interventional pulmonologic modality and can be performed under direct vision or fluoroscopic guidance. This technique can be used along with other interventional modalities for treatment of patients with tracheal stenosis. In this study we report balloon bronchoscopy as an interventional modality in a series of patients with tracheal stenosis and assess the outcome. https://www.tanaffosjournal.ir/article_240115_6cad086aca15f7861bd048a791013488.pdf

National Research Institute of Tuberculosis and Lung Disease (NRITLD), Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran TANAFFOS (Respiration) 1735-0344 11 4(autumn) 2012 12 01 Systemic AL Amyloidosis of the Tracheobronchial Tract and Lungs: a Rare Finding 49 53 240116 EN Inès Zendah Abderrahmane Mami Hospital of Thoracic Diseases. Department I of Pneumology. 2080. Ariana, Tunisia. Mouna Ben Khelifa Abderrahmane Mami Hospital of Thoracic Diseases. Department I of Pneumology. 2080. Ariana, Tunisia. Aïda Ayadi Abderrahmane Mami Hospital of Thoracic Diseases. Department of Pathology. 2080. Ariana, zunisia. Amel Khattab Abderrahmane Mami Hospital of Thoracic Diseases. Department I of Pneumology. 2080. Ariana, Tunisia. Saoussan Hantous Abderrahmane Mami Hospital of Thoracic Diseases. Department of Radiology. 2080.Ariana, Tunisia. Habib Ghedira Abderrahmane Mami Hospital of Thoracic Diseases. Department I of Pneumology. 2080. Ariana, Tunisia. Journal Article 2020 12 23 A 67- year old man presented with cough, weight loss and night sweats. Fiberoptic bronchoscopy did not show any abnormality. Chest computed tomography scan revealed peribronchovascular thickening, sheathing and narrowing of some bronchi. There were also mediastinal and interbronchial Lymphadenopathies. The patient became lost to follow-up. He presented 5 years later with pneumonia. Flexible bronchoscopy showed diffuse infiltration of the bronchi suggesting lung cancer. Histopathological study with histochemical staining revealed tracheobronchial tract AL amyloidosis. Chest CT-scan revealed extension of the broncho-vascular thickening and superimposed pulmonary calcified nodules and lymphadenopathies. Labial biopsy revealed AL amyloidosis. No specific treatment of amyloidosis was thought to be necessary for the patient. At 6 years follow-up the disease had not progressed. This case report highlights the fact that even very rarely, systemic AL amyloidosis can involve the tracheobronchial tract. Moreover, the lungs and the tracheobronchial tract can, although rarely, be affected in the same patient. https://www.tanaffosjournal.ir/article_240116_7ae2b2edab2788627d752af3b64e31c3.pdf

National Research Institute of Tuberculosis and Lung Disease (NRITLD), Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran TANAFFOS (Respiration) 1735-0344 11 4(autumn) 2012 12 01 Acute Respiratory Failure as a Rare Complication of Celiac Plexus Block in a Patient with Adenocarcinoma of the Ampulla of Vater 54 57 240117 EN Badiozaman Radpay Lung Transplantation Research Center Department of Anesthesiology Tahereh Parsa Telemedicine Research Center, Shideh Dabir Chronic Respiratory Diseases Research Center, NRTLD, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran-Iran. Seyed Masoud Hashemi Department of Anesthesiology Journal Article 2020 12 23 Celiac and splanchnic plexus blocks are considered as terminal approaches for pain control in end stage pancreatic cancer. It may be done temporarily (using local anesthetics) or as a permanent act (using alcohol and/or phenol). Like every other interventional procedure, celiac plexus block has its own potential complications and hazards among them pneumothorax and ARDS are very rare. In this case report we present an end stage patient with adenocarcinoma of ampulla of Vater with involvement of both abdomen and thorax who presented with severe intractable abdominal pain. Bilateral celiac plexus block in this patient resulted in left side pneumothorax and subsequent development of ARDS. We discuss the rare complications of celiac plexus block as well. https://www.tanaffosjournal.ir/article_240117_aafa5c7b2c8bd8ddc5579ea828d93c4c.pdf

National Research Institute of Tuberculosis and Lung Disease (NRITLD), Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran TANAFFOS (Respiration) 1735-0344 11 4(autumn) 2012 12 01 Sevoflurane as the Single Anesthetic Agent for Management of Anticipated Pediatric Difficult Airway 69 72 242196 EN Fatemeh Roodneshin Department of Anesthesiology, Labbafinejad Medical Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. Journal Article 2021 02 10 Mucopolysaccharidoses (MPSs) are a group of hereditary diseases characterized by accumulation of Glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) due to deficiency or malfunctioning of lysosomal enzymes. Difficult intubation is anticipated in these patients because of a variety of anatomical and functional abnormalities. We report the successful use of sevoflurane and laryngeal mask for airway management of a 15 year-old boy requiring corneal transplantation surgery. https://www.tanaffosjournal.ir/article_242196_1b4469c4c0ea0399530c7c97f2faf027.pdf

National Research Institute of Tuberculosis and Lung Disease (NRITLD), Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran TANAFFOS (Respiration) 1735-0344 11 4(autumn) 2012 12 01 A 43 Year-Old Woman with Fever Eleven Years after Kidney Transplantation 242197 EN Legha Lotfollahi Clinical Tuberculosis and Epidemiology Research Center, National Research Institute of Tuberculosis and Lung Disease (NRITLD), Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran, Payam Tabarsi Clinical Tuberculosis and Epidemiology Research Center, National Research Institute of Tuberculosis and Lung Disease (NRITLD), Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran, Amir Ahmad Nassiri Clinical Tuberculosis and Epidemiology Research Center, National Research Institute of Tuberculosis and Lung Disease (NRITLD), Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran, Arda Kiani Clinical Tuberculosis and Epidemiology Research Center, National Research Institute of Tuberculosis and Lung Disease (NRITLD), Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran, Farin Rashid Farokhi Telemedicine Research Center, NRITLD, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran, Ilad Alavi Darazam Clinical Tuberculosis and Epidemiology Research Center, National Research Institute of Tuberculosis and Lung Disease (NRITLD), Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran, Khadijeh Makhdoomi Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Imam Khomeini hospital, Urmia university of medical sciences, Urmia, Iran. Mohammad Hossein Rahimi Rad Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Imam Khomeini hospital, Urmia university of medical sciences, Urmia, Iran. Davood Mansouri Clinical Tuberculosis and Epidemiology Research Center, National Research Institute of Tuberculosis and Lung Disease (NRITLD), Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran, Journal Article 2021 02 10 https://www.tanaffosjournal.ir/article_242197_cac5e16469a00ca1f2e6d1b747e803e4.pdf