National Research Institute of Tuberculosis and Lung Disease (NRITLD), Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran TANAFFOS (Respiration) 1735-0344 9 4(autumn) 2010 12 01 Transient Localized Hemophagocytosis in Pleural Effusion 61 63 241161 EN Zohreh Mohammad Taheri Virology Research Center Mohammad Mehdi Ryahi Virology Research Center Seyed Alireza Nadji Virology Research Center Forouzan Mohammadi Mycobacteriology Research Center, NRITLD, Shahid Beheshti University, M.C., TEHRAN-IRAN. Journal Article 2020 12 31 Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) is one of the most important causes of hemophagocytic syndrome. We report a 76-year-old man who presented with pneumonia like symptoms and pleural effusion following upper respiratory tract infection. He underwent thoracentesis and pleural fluid cytology revealed large number of histiocytic macrophages that had phagocytosed RBCs and other inflammatory cells like lymphocytes and neutrophils. Pleural fluid analysis showed Epstein-Barr virus Antigen (EBNA) as the causing agent and corticosteroid therapy was initiated. A few days later, pleural effusion subsided and further cytologic examinations revealed no trace of hemophagocytosis. (Tanaffos2010; 9(4): 61-63) https://www.tanaffosjournal.ir/article_241161_a7ab5b3f1566eb4b1e7294f9c04ce395.pdf