National Research Institute of Tuberculosis and Lung Disease (NRITLD), Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran TANAFFOS (Respiration) 1735-0344 18 3 2019 10 01 Pneumocystis jiroveci Pneumonia in HIV-Positive and HIVNegative Patients: A Single-Center Retrospective Study 238 243 239978 EN Reem S. Almaghrabi Department of Medicine, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia, Sadeem Alfuraih Department of Medicine, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia, Rand Alohaly 1 Department of Medicine, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia, Shamayel Mohammed Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia, Abdulrahman A. Alrajhi Department of Medicine, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia, Ali S. Omrani Department of Medicine, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia, Communicable Diseases Center, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar Journal Article 2020 12 20 Background: To describe the clinical presentations, treatment regimen, and outcomes of Pneumocystis jiroveci pneumonia (PJP) among immunocompromised patients at King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center in Saudi Arabia. Materials and Methods: In this retrospective cohort study, patients with a laboratory-confirmed diagnosis of PJP were included. Results: During the study, 42 patients with confirmed PJP were identified. Twenty (48%) patients were HIV-infected, while 22 (52%) were HIV negative. The median T-cell count (CD4) was below 50 cells/mL in HIV patients with PJP at the time of HIV and PJP diagnoses. Graft rejection, cytomegalovirus (CMV) reactivation, and lymphopenia were associated with the development of PJP in transplant recipients; and high-dose steroids for non-transplant patients. The allcause mortality at 90 days was lower in individuals with HIV-related PJP, compared to those with other predisposing conditions (10% and 32%, respectively; P=0.085). No specific risk factors were independently associated with the increased risk of mortality. Conclusion: PJP remains an important cause of morbidity and mortality in immunocompromised patients, with a higher mortality rate reported in non-HIV patients. https://www.tanaffosjournal.ir/article_239978_a89b8aa5e587b662059a85e4bdcc4a98.pdf