National Research Institute of Tuberculosis and Lung Disease (NRITLD), Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IranTANAFFOS (Respiration)1735-034415220160601A Review on Human Respiratory Modeling6169240224ENPardis GhafarianChronic Respiratory Diseases Research Center,
National Research Institute of Tuberculosis and Lung
Diseases (NRITLD), Shahid Beheshti University of
Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran,PET/CT and Cyclotron
Center, NRITLD, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical
Sciences, Tehran, IranHamidreza JamaatiTobacco Prevention and
Control Research Center, NRITLD, Shahid Beheshti
University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IranSeyed Mohammadreza HashemianChronic Respiratory Diseases Research Center,
National Research Institute of Tuberculosis and Lung
Diseases (NRITLD), Shahid Beheshti University of
Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran,Journal Article20201225Input impedance of the respiratory system is measured by forced oscillation technique (FOT). Multiple prior studies have attempted to match the electromechanical models of the respiratory system to impedance data. Since the mechanical behavior of airways and the respiratory system as a whole are similar to an electrical circuit in a combination of series and parallel formats some theories were introduced according to this issue. It should be noted that, the number of elements used in these models might be less than those required due to the complexity of the pulmonary-chest wall anatomy. Various respiratory models have been proposed based on this idea in order to demonstrate and assess the different parts of respiratory system related to children and adults data. With regard to our knowledge, some of famous respiratory models in related to obstructive, restrictive diseases and also Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS) are reviewed in this articleNational Research Institute of Tuberculosis and Lung Disease (NRITLD), Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IranTANAFFOS (Respiration)1735-034415220160601Diagnosis of Obstructive Sleep Apnea Syndrome in Adults: A Brief Review of Existing Data for Practice in Iran7074240225ENMoein ForoughiChronic Respiratory Diseases Research Center,
Department of Pulmonary and Sleep Medicine, National
Research Institute of Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases
(NRITLD), Shahid Beheshti University of Medical
Sciences, Tehran, IranHossein RazaviMedical Director, Saint Helena
Hospital ICU & Department of Respiratory Care, Napa,
CA, USAMajid MalekmohammadTracheal Diseases Research Center,
NRITLD, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical
Sciences, Tehran, Iran,Parisa Adimi NaghanChronic Respiratory Diseases Research Center,
Department of Pulmonary and Sleep Medicine, National
Research Institute of Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases
(NRITLD), Shahid Beheshti University of Medical
Sciences, Tehran, IranHamidreza JamaatiTobacco Prevention and
Control Research Center, NRITLD, Shahid Beheshti
University of Medical Sciences,Tehran, IranJournal Article20201225Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is a common disorder associated with major comorbidities. It is estimated that 5-35% of the adult population in Iran are at high risk for OSA. This review article is designed to assist sleep medicine specialists as well as general practitioners in Iran to screen for OSA. It summarizes empirical data for diagnosing OSA including history taking, physical examination, diagnostic testing, and diagnostic criteria with regards to existing sleep medicine centers and availability of diagnostic tests in Iran.National Research Institute of Tuberculosis and Lung Disease (NRITLD), Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IranTANAFFOS (Respiration)1735-034415220160601Cost Analysis of Hospitalized Patients with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease: A State-Level CrossSectional Study7582240226ENAmin TorabipourDepartment of Health Services Management, School of
Health, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical
Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran,
Social Determinants of health
Research Center, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of
Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran,Ashrafalsadat HakimChronic Disease Care
Research Center, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of
Medical Sciences Ahvaz, IranKambiz Ahmadi AngaliDepartment of
Biostatistics & Epidemiology, School of Health, Ahvaz
Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran,Marzieh DolatshahStudent Research Committee, Ahvaz Jundishapur
University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran.Maryam YusofzadehStudent Research Committee, Ahvaz Jundishapur
University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran.Journal Article20201225Background: Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a common disease with important healthcare, social, and economic consequences. The aim of this study was to analyze the costs of hospitalizing patients with COPD. Materials and Methods: In this state-level cross-sectional study, data from 165 COPD patients who had presented to our hospital between April 1, 2011 and March 31, 2013 were reviewed retrospectively. Patients were eligible for inclusion if they had a diagnosis of COPD [international classification of diseases-10 (ICD-10) code J44]. Costs of COPD patients were calculated by multiplying the amount of services used by the unit cost. Finally, we used multivariate regression analysis to determine predictors of hospital costs. Results: Mean (SD) age of the patients was 68.6 ± 12 years and 65.5% of them were ≥ 65. The mean (SD) and median length of stay (LOS) for patients were 8.5 ± 11.5 and five days [IQR 3; 9], respectively. All hospital cost drivers had significant relationships with LOS, and the mean cost per patient was higher in patients with hospital LOS longer than nine days. Prolonged LOS (LOS > 9 days) involved 830 bed/days. Therefore, the mean cost per each extra day of hospital stay was estimated to be US $115.80. The mean costs per patient with and without hypertension were US $1,422.5 and US $627.4, respectively (P=0.017). Conclusion: Hospitalization and medication costs were the two major cost drivers for patients hospitalized with COPD exacerbation. Duration of hospital stay, history of hypertension, and the number of clinical consultations other were significant predictors associated with hospital cost in patients with COPD.National Research Institute of Tuberculosis and Lung Disease (NRITLD), Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IranTANAFFOS (Respiration)1735-034415220160601The Effect of Renal Transplantation on Respiratory Muscle Strength in Patients with End Stage Renal Disease8388240227ENSasan TavanaDepartment of Internal Medicine, Pulmonology Ward,
Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran,
Iran.Samaneh MirzaeiDepartment of Internal Medicine, Pulmonology Ward,
Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran,
Iran.Journal Article20201225Background: There is evidence of musculoskeletal and respiratory involvement in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD). This is attributed to protein calorie imbalance that is caused by the disease process, and hemodialysis and is generally referred to as uremic myopathy. This results in calcification of respiratory muscles such as diaphragm and intercostal muscles. There are limited data about respiratory muscle strength in patients with CKD. We intended to evaluate the effect of kidney transplantation on respiratory muscles strength in patients with CKD. Materials and Methods: Spirometry was used to measure maximal inspiratory mouth pressure (PIMAX), which was calculated by using the lung residual volume and maximal respiratory pressures at the mouth (PEMAX), 2 days before and again 30 days after kidney transplantation in 26 patients with ESRD. PIMAX and PEMAX values less than 60% of the predicted value were considered abnormal. Results: Mean ± SD PIMAX values showed significant increase from 31.88 ± 8.58 cmH2O before kidney transplantation to 37.65 ± 13.39 cmH2O after transplant (P < 0.001). Similarly, a significant increase in PEMAX values was observed from 33.04 ± 16.12 cmH2O to 39.19 ± 20.34 cmH2O (P < 0.001). Nineteen patients (73.1%) showed significant increases in PIMAX and PEMAX values. Mean serum creatinine decreased from 6.94 to 1.32 (P < 0.001) after transplant. Conclusion: Although both PIMAX and PEMAX values increased significantly after kidney transplant, these measurements were still below lower limit of normal. This suggests that factors other than uremic myopathy may contribute to respiratory muscle weakness in patients CKD.National Research Institute of Tuberculosis and Lung Disease (NRITLD), Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IranTANAFFOS (Respiration)1735-034415220160601Outcome of Acute Kidney Injury in Critical Care Unit, Based on AKI Network8995240228ENSeyed Mohammadreza HashemianChronic Respiratory Disease Research Center, National
Research Institute of Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases
(NRITLD), Shahid Beheshti University of Medical
Sciences, Tehran, Iran,Hamidreza JamaatiTobacco Prevention and
Control Research Center, NRITLD, Shahid Beheshti
University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran,Behrooz Farzanegan BidgoliChronic Respiratory Disease Research Center, National
Research Institute of Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases
(NRITLD), Shahid Beheshti University of Medical
Sciences, Tehran, Iran,Farin Rashid FarrokhiTelemedicine Research Center, NRITLD, Shahid
Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran ,Majid MalekmohammadTracheal Diseases Research Center, NRITLD, Shahid
Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IranSepehr RoozdarChronic Respiratory Disease Research Center, National
Research Institute of Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases
(NRITLD), Shahid Beheshti University of Medical
Sciences, Tehran, Iran,Seyed Amir MohajeraniChronic Respiratory Disease Research Center, National
Research Institute of Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases
(NRITLD), Shahid Beheshti University of Medical
Sciences, Tehran, Iran,Ahmad BagheriChronic Respiratory Disease Research Center, National
Research Institute of Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases
(NRITLD), Shahid Beheshti University of Medical
Sciences, Tehran, Iran,Golnar RadmnandChronic Respiratory Disease Research Center, National
Research Institute of Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases
(NRITLD), Shahid Beheshti University of Medical
Sciences, Tehran, Iran,Behzad HatamiChronic Respiratory Disease Research Center, National
Research Institute of Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases
(NRITLD), Shahid Beheshti University of Medical
Sciences, Tehran, Iran,Mandana ChitsazanChronic Respiratory Disease Research Center, National
Research Institute of Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases
(NRITLD), Shahid Beheshti University of Medical
Sciences, Tehran, IranJournal Article20201225Background: Acute Kidney Injury (AKI) is an unsolved clinical problem in critical care patients with a high mortality rate, increasing incidence, and no definitive therapy. We studied the incidence, risk factors, and mortality associated with AKI in ICU patients. Materials and Methods: In a prospective study, patient demographics, reason for hospitalization, reason for ICU admission, Length of ICU stay, laboratory data, and Vital signs were recorded in prepared forms during the ICU stay. AKI was defined as an increase in serum creatinine (SCr) of ≥ 0.3mg/dl from the baseline. Results: A total of 200 patients who were enrolled in our study; 134 (67%) did not develop AKI during their ICU stay while 66 (33%) developed AKI (SCr ≥ 0.3) according to the AKIN definition. Patients with AKI had higher APACHE II scores (12.3±5.6 vs. 6.9±3.6; p < 0.001), longer ICU stays (7.6±7.6 vs. 3.7±2.8 days respectively; p < 0.001), and higher mortality (19.7% vs. 0.7%; p < 0.001). Conclusion: The AKIN criteria are clinically valid and can be a good predictor of mortality and patient outcome in addition to APACHE II score in ICU patients.National Research Institute of Tuberculosis and Lung Disease (NRITLD), Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IranTANAFFOS (Respiration)1735-034415220160601Effect of Eight-Week Aerobic, Resistive, and Interval Exercise Routines on Respiratory Parameters in Non-Athlete Women96100240229ENVahan MoradiansFaculty of Medicine, Iran university of Medical sciences,
Tehran, Iran,Alireza RahimiFaculty of Physical Education and Sport
Sciences, Karaj Branch, Islamic Azad University, Alborz,
Iran,Seyed Ali JavadMoosaviFaculty of Medicine, Iran university of Medical sciences,
Tehran, Iran,Fateme Sadat Sahebkar KhorasaniPhysical Education and Sport Sciences,
Department of Sport Physiology, Karaj Branch, Islamic
Azad University, Alborz, Iran,Ali MazaherinejadFaculty of Medicine, Iran university of Medical sciences,
Tehran, Iran,Masoud MortezazadeFaculty of Physical Education and Sport
Sciences, Karaj Branch, Islamic Azad University, Alborz,Hanieh RajiFaculty of Medicine,
Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences,
Ahvaz, IranJournal Article20201225Background: There are not many studies about the effects of physical activity on pulmonary function in normal population. However, it seems that strengthening and persevering respiratory muscles is an effective technique for improving pulmonary function. Objective: The purpose of this study was to evaluate and compare the effects of eight-week aerobic, resistance, and interval exercise routines on respiratory parameters in non-athlete women. Materials and Methods: Thirty-six non-athlete women between 18-25 years old participated in this prospective quasi-experimental trial. The subjects were randomly divided into three groups (aerobic, resistance and interval exercise, 12 in each group). Each group exercised three times a week for a total of eight weeks (24 sessions in total). Pulmonary function tests (PFT), including tidal volume (VT), inspiratory reserve volume (IRV), expiratory reserve volume (ERV), inspiratory capacity (IC), vital capacity (VC), forced vital capacity (FVC), forced expiratory volume in the first seconds (FEV1), the ratio of FEV1/FVC, peak inspiratory flow (PIF), and forced expiratory flow (FEF 25-75%) were recorded before and after the implementation of the exercise program for all participants. Data were analyzed using paired t-test and one-way ANOVA. Results: The mean age of participants was 20.17 ± 2.13. The results of the paired T-test indicated that VC significantly increased in the group assigned to aerobic exercise (P = 0.028), while IC (P = 0.012) and PIF (P = 0.019) significantly increased in the group assigned to interval training. Conclusion: Our results showed that interval and aerobic exercise routines could improve pulmonary functions and aerobic and interval training can be used to increase VC, IC, PIF, in non-athlete women.National Research Institute of Tuberculosis and Lung Disease (NRITLD), Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IranTANAFFOS (Respiration)1735-034415220160601The Effect of Brushing with a Soft Toothbrush and Distilled Water on the Incidence of Ventilator-Associated Pneumonia in the Intensive Care Unit101107240230ENKhadijeh NasirianiNursing Department, Nursing - Midwifery School,
Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences and
Health Services, Yazd-Iran,Fakhri TorkiNursing Department, Nursing - Midwifery School,
Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences and
Health Services, Yazd-Iran,Mohammad Hossein JarahzadehAnesthesiology and Critical
Care Department , Medical School, Shahid Sadooghi
University of Medical Sciences and Health Services,
Yazd, IranFahimeh RashidiMaybodiPeriodontology Department, Dental School,
Shahid Sadoughi University Of Medical Sciences School,
Yazd, Iran.Journal Article20201225Background: Ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) is a common nosocomial infection, which results in longer hospitalization, increased treatment costs, and higher mortality rates. One major cause of VAP is colonization and microaspiration of oropharyngeal secretions following the formation of dental plaque, which is due to poor oral hygiene and failure to mechanically remove these microorganisms from the teeth. This study was conducted to determine the effect of brushing teeth with distilled water on the incidence of VAP in patients admitted to intensive care unit (ICU). Materials and Methods: In this randomized clinical trial, 168 intubated patients, who had at least 20 teeth were randomly assigned to two groups. In the experimental group, the patients’ teeth were brushed twice a day with a children’s toothbrush and distilled water in addition to the routine oral care. The clinical pulmonary infection score (CPIS) was used to diagnose VAP. The data were analyzed using SPSS version 16 software. Results: A total of 38.6% of the patients in each group developed VAP. There was a significant difference in incidence of VAP on day five between the two groups (p <0.05). The incidence of VAP had a significant relationship with smoking (p <0.001), underlying diseases (p <0.001), duration of hospitalization (P=0.002), and age (p <0.001). Enterobacter was the most common microorganism identified in both groups. Conclusion: According to our results, tooth brushing twice daily with distilled water reduced the incidence of VAP in patients admitted to the ICU. Therefore, it is recommended that nurses caring for ventilator-dependent patients brush the patients’ teeth with distilled water as a part of their routine oral care.National Research Institute of Tuberculosis and Lung Disease (NRITLD), Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IranTANAFFOS (Respiration)1735-034415220160601Assessment of Pulmonary Function Parameters and Respiratory Symptoms in Shipyard Workers of Asaluyeh City, Iran108111240231ENMashallah AghilinejadOccupational Medicine Research Center (OMRC), Iran
University of Medical Sciences and Health Services
(IUMS), Tehran-IranElaheh KabirMokamelkhahOccupational Medicine Research Center (OMRC), Iran
University of Medical Sciences and Health Services
(IUMS), Tehran-IranMohammad Hassan NassiriKashaniOccupational Medicine Research Center (OMRC), Iran
University of Medical Sciences and Health Services
(IUMS), Tehran-IranAmir Bahrami-AhmadiOccupational Medicine Research Center (OMRC), Iran
University of Medical Sciences and Health Services
(IUMS), Tehran-IranAtefeh DehghaniOccupational Medicine Research Center (OMRC), Iran
University of Medical Sciences and Health Services
(IUMS), Tehran-IranJournal Article20201225Background: Workers in shipyard companies are exposed to different respiratory hazards. The present case-control study was designed to evaluate pulmonary function tests and respiratory symptoms among shipyard workers in Asaluyeh city in Southwest Iran. Material and Method: Between March and October 2015 we recruited participants from two separate populations: shipyard workers as cases and office workers from the same shipyard company, who are not exposed to the same respiratory hazards, as controls. History was obtained from all participants and they all underwent physical examination and spirometry. Results: Respiratory signs and symptoms were present in a significantly higher number of shipyard workers compared to the unexposed office workers. Similarly, there were significant spirometric differences between cases and controls. Conclusion: It seems that workplace hazards play a more significant role than other factors such as air pollution in development of respiratory diseases, and future studies for investigating respiratory symptoms, pulmonary function parameters, biological monitoring and measurement of respiratory hazard need to be performed.National Research Institute of Tuberculosis and Lung Disease (NRITLD), Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IranTANAFFOS (Respiration)1735-034415220160601Comparative Evaluation of Conventional and BACTEC Methods for Detection of Bacterial Infection112116240232ENAfshin Mohammad AlizadehBone Marrow Transplantation Department, Taleghani
Hospital, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical
Sciences, Tehran, IranRehyhaneh Kabiri MovahedNursing Department, Taleghani
Hospital, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical
Sciences, Tehran, IranMona MohammadniaTaleghani Hospital, Shahid
Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IranJournal Article20201225Background: Infectious diseases are a leading cause of morbidity and mortality in developing countries. The aim of this study was to compare the results of blood culture employing the conventional and BACTEC methods for detection of bacterial infection in Taleghani Hospital, Tehran. Materials and Methods: This was a descriptive study carried out for 3 months (March 2014-May 2014) on 272 inpatients. Their blood culture results were analyzed using the two methods (BACTEC and conventional).The results were analyzed using descriptive statistics (frequency, mean and standard deviation) and inferential tests (cross tab) via SPSS version 17 software. Results: The results of 177 cases (94.1%) out of 271 studied subjects were true positive, 11 (5.8%) were false negative, 2 cases (3.15%) were false positive, and 11 cases (6.48%) were true negative. The sensitivity and specificity of the BACTEC test were 84.6 and 94.1, respectively, and the rate of positive blood cultures employing BACTEC method was equal to 100% (22.22) while in the conventional method, positive results were equal to 59.09% (22.13). Conclusion: Both BACTEC and conventional methods have high validity. In order to evaluate the results of blood culture and infection control, experts can use either of these methods to study the results of bacterial blood culture.National Research Institute of Tuberculosis and Lung Disease (NRITLD), Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IranTANAFFOS (Respiration)1735-034415220160601Treatment of Recurrent Prosthetic Mitral Valve Thrombosis with Reteplase: A Report of Four Cases117120240233ENNeda Behzadnia1 Lung Transplantation Research Center, National
Research Institute of Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases
(NRITLD), Shahid Beheshti University of Medical
Sciences, Tehran, Iran0000-0001-8963-4285Babak Sharif Kashani1 Lung Transplantation Research Center, National
Research Institute of Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases
(NRITLD), Shahid Beheshti University of Medical
Sciences, Tehran, IranArda KianiChronic Respiratory Diseases
Research Center, NRITLD, Shahid Beheshti University of
Medical Sciences, Tehran, IranAtefe AbediniChronic Respiratory Diseases
Research Center, NRITLD, Shahid Beheshti University of
Medical Sciences, Tehran, IranSeyed Reza SeyediLung Transplantation Research Center, National
Research Institute of Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases
(NRITLD), Shahid Beheshti University of Medical
Sciences, Tehran, Iran,Hossein Zargham Ahmadi1 Lung Transplantation Research Center, National
Research Institute of Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases
(NRITLD), Shahid Beheshti University of Medical
Sciences, Tehran, Iran,Farah Naghash Zadeh1 Lung Transplantation Research Center, National
Research Institute of Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases
(NRITLD), Shahid Beheshti University of Medical
Sciences, Tehran, IranAtefeh FakharianChronic Respiratory Diseases
Research Center, NRITLD, Shahid Beheshti University of
Medical Sciences, Tehran, IranJournal Article20201225Thrombosis is a life threatening complications of prosthetic mitral valves and is associated with high morbidity and mortality. Even in presence of systemic anticoagulation prosthetic valve thrombosis has an incidence of 0.5% to 8%. Recurrent prosthetic valve thrombosis and the resulting thrombotic occlusion require re-establishment of blood flow across the valve. While surgical repair is considered the classic first line treatment option for prosthetic valve thrombosis, intravenous thrombolysis has emerged as an acceptable alternative for the first episode of prosthetic valve thrombosis. Due to the limitation of using streptokinase in recurrent thrombotic events, fibrin-specific tissue plasminogen activators have been successfully utilized to treat cases of recurrent prosthetic valve thrombosis. In this case-series, we have reported four cases of recurrent prosthetic valve thrombosis that were successfully treated with Reteplase at our hospital.National Research Institute of Tuberculosis and Lung Disease (NRITLD), Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IranTANAFFOS (Respiration)1735-034415220160601Cured Transudative Pleural Effusion: A Case Report121123242188ENMohsen ShafipoorChronic Respiratory Diseases Research Center,
National Research Institute of Tuberculosis and Lung
Diseases (NRITLD), Shahid Beheshti University of
Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran,Arda KianiChronic Respiratory Diseases Research Center,
National Research Institute of Tuberculosis and Lung
Diseases (NRITLD), Shahid Beheshti University of
Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran,Kambiz SheikhyLung Transplantation
Research Center, NRITLD, Shahid Beheshti University of
Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran,Atefeh AbediniChronic Respiratory Diseases Research Center,
National Research Institute of Tuberculosis and Lung
Diseases (NRITLD), Shahid Beheshti University of
Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran,Majid Golestani EraghiTracheal Diseases
Research Center, NRITLD, Shahid Beheshti University of
Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.Journal Article20210210Echinococcosis or hydatid disease is a helminthic infection caused by larvae of tapeworm Echinococcus granulosus. While the cysts can involve all organs, liver is the most common site of infection and the lungs are the second most commonly involved organ in young adults. In addition to endemic areas its incidence is growing all around the world due to the ease of transcontinental travel. Disease presentation varies and usually is due to mass effect or dysfunction of the involved organ and surgical resection is the recommended treatment. Here we present the case of a young man with primary pulmonary echinococcosis with involvement of the entire right lung.