National Research Institute of Tuberculosis and Lung Disease (NRITLD), Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IranTANAFFOS (Respiration)1735-034472(spiring)20080601Post face to Tobacco Use: A Growing Dilemma241255ENDjavad TabatabaeeAdvisor, National Research Institute of Tuberculosis and Lung Disease
Tehran-IranJournal Article20210101https://www.tanaffosjournal.ir/article_241255_e348c39a0603a974df473a59469894c1.pdfNational Research Institute of Tuberculosis and Lung Disease (NRITLD), Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IranTANAFFOS (Respiration)1735-034472(spiring)20080601Mutations in rpoB Gene and Genotypes of Rifampin Resistant Mycobacterium Tuberculosis Isolates in Iran1117241256ENFarahnoosh DoustdarDeprtment of Microbiology, School of Medicine & Infectious and Tropical Diseases Research center, Ahwaz Jondishapour University of
Medical Sciences, Ahwaz, Iran.Mycobacteriology Research Center, NRITLD, Shahid Beheshti University, M.C.,Azar Dokht KhosraviDeprtment of Microbiology, School of Medicine & Infectious and Tropical Diseases Research center, Ahwaz Jondishapour University of
Medical Sciences, Ahwaz, Iran.Parissa FarniaMycobacteriology Research Center, NRITLD, Shahid Beheshti University, M.C.Ahmad Reza BahrmandDepartment of
Mycobacteriology, Pasteur Institute of IranMohammad Reza MasjediDepartment of Pulmonary Medicine,Ali Akbar VelayatiDepartment of Pediatrics, NRITLD, Shahid Beheshti
University, M.C., TEHRAN-IRAN.Journal Article20210101Background: Prevention and treatment of drug-resistant clones is important in guiding TB control strategies. The simultaneous rapid detection of the type of mutation conferring resistance and the genotype reflect the extent of drug resistant TB transmission within the communities.Mutations conferring resistance to rifampin in rifampin-resistant clinical Mycobacterium tuberculosis isolates occur mostly in the 81 bp rifampin-resistance-determining region (RRDR) of the rpoB gene. Materials and Methods: Spoligotyping, IS6110- restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) typing and sequencing of the rpoB gene were performed for 30 rifampin resistant M. tuberculosis isolates from patients referred to "Iranian National TB Laboratory" from 2006 to 2007. Results: Mutations in the RRDR of the rpoB gene were identified in 96.6% of rifampin-resistant isolates. The spoligotyping analysis identified one (3.3%) East African-Indian (EAI) family, 7 (23.3%) Haarlem family, 9 (30.0%) Beijing family and 12 (40.0%) Central Asia (CAS) family isolates. Sixty- six percent of CAS isolates carried a mutation in codon 516, 37% of Beijing isolates carried a mutation in codon 531 and 33% of Haarlem isolates carried a mutation in codon 526. Conclusion: Overall, there appeared to be a correlation between the genotype and specific mutations conferring resistance to rifampin in the Beijing and Haarlem families. (Tanaffos 2008; 7(2): 11-17)https://www.tanaffosjournal.ir/article_241256_561fe402f21270f7549b9a068ac9dc1f.pdfNational Research Institute of Tuberculosis and Lung Disease (NRITLD), Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IranTANAFFOS (Respiration)1735-034472(spiring)20080601Insertion/Deletion Gene Polymorphism and Serum Level of Angiotensin Converting Enzyme1822241257ENForozan MohammadiDepartment of Clinical Anatomical PathologyLung Transplantation Research Center, NRITLD, Shahid Beheshti University M.C.,
TEHRAN-IRAN.Payman ShahabiDepartment of Clinical Anatomical PathologySaeed ZabaniDepartment of Clinical Anatomical PathologyZiaii AADepartment of Clinical Anatomical PathologyJournal Article20210101Background: Angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) plays an important role in cardiovascular regulation. Since the initial report regarding the association of insertion/deletion gene polymorphism and serum concentration of ACE, there have been investigations in different populations with contradicting results. The aim of this study was to assess the association of the ACE polymorphism and serum level in Iranians. Materials and Methods: The study recruited 88 healthy individuals (70 males and 18 females; mean age: 30.07 yrs.) who were candidates for kidney donation. To investigate the association of ACE serum level and polymorphism, the serum concentration of ACE was measured spectrophotometrically and ACE genotyping was determined by polymerase chain reaction. Results: The genotype distribution of DD, ID and II was 31, 24 and 33 respectively. The mean ACE serum concentration for DD, ID and II genotypes was 50.68, 36.65 and 32.06 IU/L, respectively. There was a significant difference in ACE serum level among the three genotypes (p < 0.05). While the highest ACE serum concentration was seen in DD group (nearly 1.5 times of that of ID and II genotypes, respectively), it was the lowest in the II group. Conclusion: Our study showed that insertion/deletion polymorphism of ACE gene was strongly associated with plasma ACE levels in the Iranian population. (Tanaffos 2008; 7(2): 18-22)https://www.tanaffosjournal.ir/article_241257_7cd5c674a192ab58bc988ed9c5746171.pdfNational Research Institute of Tuberculosis and Lung Disease (NRITLD), Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IranTANAFFOS (Respiration)1735-034472(spiring)20080601Diagnostic Yield of Transbronchial Needle Aspiration in Intrathoracic Lymphadenopathy2327241258ENMasoud AliyaliDepartment of Pulmonary Medicine,Ensei ShafighDepartment of Pathology, Babol University of Medical Sciences and Health Services, BABOLIRAN.Journal Article20210101Background: Transbronchial needle aspiration (TBNA) is a safe and effective technique for the diagnosis of mediastinal lesions. The aim of this study was to evaluate diagnostic yield of TBNA in patients with benign and malignant lesions involving mediastinal and hilar lymph nodes. Materials and Methods: TBNA procedures were performed using a flexible bronchoscope and a 22-gauge cytologic needle in 22 patients with mediastinal or hilar adenopathy identified on CT of the chest. Based on the clinical diagnosis or presence of endobronchial lesions, other procedures such as bronchoalveolar lavage, bronchial biopsy, and transbronchial lung biopsy were performed. Results: Among 22 patients with a mean age of 50±18 years, 13 were males (59%) and 9 were females (41%). Adequate lymph node samples were obtained in 16 patients (72.7%). Among 9 patients with malignancy, TBNA provided diagnostic results in 5 patients (55.5%). TBNA provided adequate specimen in 10 out of 13 patients with sarcoidosis, but in 2 patients (15.4%) diagnosis was made by TBNA. Overall, TBNA yield was 31.8%. There was no complication during TBNA procedures. Conclusion: TBNA is a minimally invasive technique for diagnosis of intrathoracic lymphadenopathy, especially in malignant diseases. The procedure also can be used as a diagnostic tool in patients with sarcoidosis, although the yield is low. (Tanaffos 2008; 7(2): 23-27)https://www.tanaffosjournal.ir/article_241258_a92b85618690f39cb26f849cec67b16b.pdfNational Research Institute of Tuberculosis and Lung Disease (NRITLD), Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IranTANAFFOS (Respiration)1735-034472(spiring)20080601Health-Related Quality of Life in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease: Are Disease-Specific and Generic Quality of Life Measures Correlated?2835241259ENJafar AslaniDepartment of Pulmonary Medicine,Seyed Mahmood MirzamaniDepartment of PsychologyMahdi AzizAbadi-FarahaniClinical Research Unit, Baqiyatallah University of Medical SciencesMaryam Moghani LankaraniIslamic Azad University, Medical Sciences Branch, TEHRAN-IRAN.Shervin AssariClinical Research Unit, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences,Journal Article20210101Background: Generic and disease-specific health-related quality of life (HRQoL) questionnaires are commonly used in subjects with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). However, it is not clear whether generic and disease-specific measures should be used in parallel, as they focus on different aspects of life. This study aimed to investigate the association between two most commonly used generic and disease specific HRQoL measures: Medical Outcomes Study Short Form 36- Item (SF-36) and St George's Respiratory Questionnaire (SGRQ). Materials and Methods: In a cross-sectional study, 58 subjects were selected through non-randomized systematic sampling from all COPD patients admitted to the "Respiratory Clinic of Baqiyatallah Hospital" during 2006. Each subject completed both SF-36 and SGRQ forms. Spirometry was also performed for each patient. The correlations between SGRQ total score and its subscores, including symptoms, activity and impacts, and SF-36 total score and its subscores, including physical functioning (PF), role-physical (RP), bodily pain (BP), general health (GH), vitality (VT), social functioning (SF), role-emotional (RE) and mental health (MH), were assessed. Results: No significant correlation was found between the total score or subscores of SF-36 and the total score or subscales of SGRQ (p>0.05). Conclusion: The generic SF-36 and the disease specific SGRQ questionnaires assess different aspects of HRQoL in COPD patients and each should be used separately. The optimal approach appears to be the application of generic and disease-specific measures together, at least in the research setting. Further studies are recommended with larger sample size. (Tanaffos 2008; 7(2): 28-35)https://www.tanaffosjournal.ir/article_241259_2849f9f1b21c61b1d5c5b09f7ebaa2da.pdfNational Research Institute of Tuberculosis and Lung Disease (NRITLD), Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IranTANAFFOS (Respiration)1735-034472(spiring)20080601Knowledge Regarding Nutrition, Attitude and Practice of Smokers and Non-Smokers3644241260ENHabib EmamiTobacco Prevention and Control Research CenterMarjan Saber AshkzariTobacco Prevention and Control Research CenterGhazal NaseriTobacco Prevention and Control Research CenterBahareh AghaeiniaTobacco Prevention and Control Research CenterAmir Soha Rezaei ShirazTobacco Prevention and Control Research CenterMohammad Reza MasjediDepartment of Pulmonary Medicine, NRITLD, Shahid Beheshti University, M.C.,
TEHRAN-IRAN.Journal Article20210101Background: Generally, non-smokers have healthier lifestyles compared to smokers. Typical foods eaten more by nonsmokers are fruits and vegetables, whereas smokers eat more meat and fat and drink more alcoholic beverages. We aimed to compare nutritional knowledge, attitude and practice (KAP) of smokers participating in smoking cessation clinics with their non-smoker family members. Materials and Methods: Two hundred twenty-six smokers and 260 non-smokers aged 18 years and over were compared in a cross-sectional study. A Likert type KAP questionnaire including 36 items was used. Knowledge and attitude scores were compared between smokers and non-smokers using the Mann-Whitney test. Practice patterns were compared by the Chisquare test. Differences were significant at p =0.05. Results: The mean age of male smokers and non-smokers were 38.5±11 and 33.5±14 years respectively and in women these rates were 42±10.4 and 31.3±15 yrs. respectively (p <0.0001). In males, the mean percentage of knowledge in nonsmokers was higher than smokers (2.41 vs. 1.85) and the average score of attitude in smokers was less than that of nonsmokers (37.5 vs. 37.9; the differences were not significant). Sixty (26.5%) smokers and 93 (35.8%) non-smokers reported having regular physical activity (p=0.005). In women, the mean percentage of knowledge in non-smokers was higher than smokers (3.37 and 2.93 respectively; the difference was not significant). Attitude score of female non-smokers was higher than smokers (40.3 vs. 37.1; p=0.001). Among female non-smokers, 68 (46.9%) reported daily meat consumption; this rate for female smokers was 41 (56.2%; p=0.001). Female non-smokers consumed daily breakfast more than female smokers (107, 73.8% vs. 35, 47.9%; p=0.001). Conclusion: Our data showed a significant difference in nutritional KAP between smokers and non-smokers. (Tanaffos 2008; 7(2): 36-44)https://www.tanaffosjournal.ir/article_241260_806e97612a1aa61c8b9a6ac321e289e5.pdfNational Research Institute of Tuberculosis and Lung Disease (NRITLD), Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IranTANAFFOS (Respiration)1735-034472(spiring)20080601Adenosine Deaminase Activity in Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid in Patients with Smear-Negative Pulmonary Tuberculosis4549241261ENAbolhassan HalvaniDepartment of Pulmonary Medicine,Fariba BineshDepartment of Pathology, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, YAZD-IRAN.Journal Article20210101Background: Tuberculosis (TB) remains a major health problem across the world and most commonly involves the lungs. Diagnosis of TB is based on finding acid-fast bacilli (AFB) in sputum or a positive sputum culture. The sensitivity of sputum smear is only 40-70% and it takes 4-8 weeks for sputum culture results. We decided to measure adenosine deaminase (ADA) activity in bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid and compare it with sputum and BAL fluid cultures. Materials and Methods: A descriptive study was performed at the Shahid Sadoughi Hospital in Yazd, from 2005 to 2006. Sixty-three patients suspected for pulmonary TB with negative sputum smear for AFB or had other indications for bronchoscopy, were included in the study. Then, fiberoptic bronchoscopy was done and BAL fluid was obtained from all patients. The study patients were divided into three groups as follows: Group 1: patients with positive sputum culture or BAL fluid culture for AFB who were considered as pulmonary TB group. Group 2: patients with negative results for TB, having lung diseases other than TB, (considered as non-tuberculous lung disease group). Group 3: those without pulmonary disease and TB which considered as the control group. Mean ADA levels in BAL fluids were measured in these groups and then compared with each other. Results: Sixty-three patients were enrolled in the study among which 15 cases (mean age:64.06±19.37 yrs) had pulmonary TB, 33 (mean age: 56.18±18.60 yrs) had pulmonary diseases other than TB and 15 cases (mean age: 42.13±21.45 yrs) were considered as controls. Mean ADA level in BAL fluid was 4.13±2.55 IU/L, 2.42±1.06 IU/L and 1.93±0.88 IU/L in TB group, non-tuberculous lung disease group and control group, respectively. This rate was significantly higher in the pulmonary TB group compared to the other two groups (p=0.00). Using Roc curve with a cut-off value of 3.5 IU/L, , the highest sensitivity (57%) and specificity (84%) were obtained in diagnosis of TB. Conclusion: The results showed that although ADA activity in BAL fluid of pulmonary TB patients was higher than those seen in other diseases, a negative test does not rule out pulmonary TB. Thus, more research is required to find more precise diagnostic methods in this regard. (Tanaffos 2008; 7(2): 45-49)https://www.tanaffosjournal.ir/article_241261_f6f0ce5c2d3bbd0c3c754263b776cc3f.pdfNational Research Institute of Tuberculosis and Lung Disease (NRITLD), Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IranTANAFFOS (Respiration)1735-034472(spiring)20080601Assessment of Wells Criteria in Patients with Pulmonary Embolism5053241262ENMajid Malek MohammadDepartment of Pulmonary MedicineLung Transplantation Research CenterParisa AdimiDepartment of Pulmonary MedicineSeyed Reza SeyediDepartment of Pulmonary MedicineBabak Sharif-KashaniDepartment of CardiologyTobacco Prevention and
Control Research Center, NRITLD, Shahid Beheshti University M.C., TEHRAN-IRANJournal Article20210101Background: Pulmonary embolism (PE) is one of the most important emergencies in internal medicine. Wells criteria are used to predict the presence of pulmonary embolism on the basis of clinical manifestations. The aim of this study was to assess Wells criteria in patients with pulmonary embolism. Materials and Methods: Ninety-nine patients with the diagnosis of PE underwent anticoagulant therapy during 2002-2006. Data were collected using a questionnaire and then analyzed by using SPSS software. Results: The most common symptoms were dyspnea (70.7%) and chest pain (60.6%). Wells criteria included “an alternative diagnosis less likely than PE" (84%), hemoptysis (34%), leg pain or swelling (30%), tachycardia (29%), recent surgery or immobilization (27%), previous deep vein thrombosis (22%) and malignancy (2%). Eight percent, 69% and 23% of patients had Wells scores less than 2 points, 2-6 and >6 points, respectively. Among the patient group with modified Wells criteria, 36 patients (36.4%) had scoreshttps://www.tanaffosjournal.ir/article_241262_286ba0de3987ccea2e10e716d53bb32b.pdfNational Research Institute of Tuberculosis and Lung Disease (NRITLD), Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IranTANAFFOS (Respiration)1735-034472(spiring)20080601Airborne Microbial Contamination of Dental Units5457241263ENMansour R.AzariDepartment of Occupational Hygiene, School of Public HealthAli GhadjariDepartment of Parasitology, School of MedicineMohammad Reza Massoudi NejadDepartment of
Environmental Science, School of Public Health, Shahid Beheshti University M.C., TEHRAN-IRAN.Negar Faghih NasireeDepartment of Occupational Hygiene, School of Public HealthJournal Article20210101Background: Occupational risk of dental personnel to microbial airborne contamination has been demonstrated through the increased prevalence of respiratory infections. The American Dental Association has suggested stringent protection for infectious agents present in dental aerosols. Materials and Methods: Occupational exposure of dentists to airborne microbial and mycological contamination in various locations of a dental school was monitored by sampling of air in close vicinity of their breathing zone. This sampler drew air at a flow rate of 10 liters/minute and for a 2-hour period and blew it at a high speed through a narrow slit over a solid nutrient agar plate. Immediately after sampling, the plates were placed in an incubator and incubated aerobically for 2 days at 370 C. Results: The total bacterial counts in the air of dental surgery rooms and in non-surgery rooms without direct involvements with dental operations were in the range of 120-280 cfu/m3 and 49-128 cfu/m3 respectively. Pathogenic Streptococcus haemolyticus and opportunistic Staphylococcus species were found in some locations of dental surgery rooms. Conclusion: There are no standards for acceptable levels of indoor air contamination with pathogenic microorganisms and since pathogenic Streptococcus haemolyticus and opportunistic Staphylococcus species were found in some areas of the dental school, the need for management of possible risk of infective hazards is recognized. (Tanaffos 2008; 7(2): 54-57)https://www.tanaffosjournal.ir/article_241263_b4ab62ca2bf3d0fac5392271daee7fff.pdfNational Research Institute of Tuberculosis and Lung Disease (NRITLD), Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IranTANAFFOS (Respiration)1735-034472(spiring)20080601Familiarity of Physicians with the Aims of Pre-Operative Anesthesia Evaluation Clinics5863241264ENBadiolzaman RadpayDepartment of Anesthesiology,Lung Transplantation Research Center, NRITLDMahvash AgahDepartment of Anesthesiology, Labaffinejad
Hospital,Shideh DabirDepartment of Anesthesiology,Tracheal Disease Research CenterAkbar GoldastehDepartment of AnesthesiologyTahereh ParsaDepartment of AnesthesiologyTelemedicine Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University M.C., TEHRAN-IRAN.Journal Article20210101Background: The role of the anaesthesiologist in the quality of care rendered to patients during the pre-operative period is well known. The role of pre-operative anesthesia clinics in providing better conditions for patients undergoing anesthesia is now well documented. This study was performed to evaluate the familiarity of Iranian physicians with the aims of anesthesia clinics 10 years after the establishment of such clinics in Iran. Materials and Methods: All physicians working in 2 university medical centers were selected. A questionnaire was given to them and answers were analyzed and interpreted by statistical methods. Results: Three-hundred forty-four Iranian physicians were questioned about their knowledge regarding anesthesia clinics out of which, 38% were faculty members, about half of them had working experience more than 10 yrs., 57.3% of them were surgeons, 27.6% of them were non-surgical clinical physicians, 6.4% were paraclinicians and the remaining were general practitioners. Forty-one percent of physicians were familiar with the aims of anesthesia clinics. Only 34% of physicians had referred patients to such clinics. The most important goals of establishment of these clinics from the physicians’ point of view were to prepare the patients for operation (71%), reduce the complications of surgery (54%), reduce the time required for preparing patients for surgery (36%) and reducing the costs (34%). Conclusion: Considering the results, it seems that a great majority of Iranian physicians are still unfamiliar with the aims of anesthesia clinics. Direct communication between anaesthesiologists and medical staff and stressing the benefits of establishing such clinics in medical congresses are beneficial and highly recommended by the authors. (Tanaffos 2008; 7(2): 58-63)https://www.tanaffosjournal.ir/article_241264_a2e24dcd5972555621f2a1a755f45891.pdfNational Research Institute of Tuberculosis and Lung Disease (NRITLD), Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IranTANAFFOS (Respiration)1735-034472(spiring)20080601Early Oral Feeding Following Total Laryngectomy6470242255ENHussein Ali SharifianDepartment of ENT, Loghman Hakim Hospital, Shahid Beheshti University M.C., TEHRAN-IRANMohtaram NajafiDepartment of ENT, Loghman Hakim Hospital, Shahid Beheshti University M.C., TEHRAN-IRANMahdi KhajaviDepartment of ENT, Loghman Hakim Hospital, Shahid Beheshti University M.C., TEHRAN-IRANJournal Article20210212Background: Pharyngocutaneous fistula is a serious complication after total laryngectomy. The reported incidence varies from 1% to 50%. There is still no agreement regarding when to begin oral feeding after total laryngectomy. The aim of this study was to demonstrate the safety of early oral feeding after total laryngectomy. Materials and Methods: In a prospective study, patients who underwent total laryngectomy were randomly divided into either the oral feeding or the nasogastric tube (NGT) groups. For patients in the oral feeding group, feeding was initiated orally with a clear liquid diet on the third postoperative day, whereas patients in the nasogastric tube group were fed through NGT and received nothing orally until the seventh postoperative day. Results: Between September 2002 and October 2006, 25 patients were studied in this trial. There were 13 patients (52%) in the oral feeding group and 12 patients (48%) in the NGT group. Their ages ranged from 49 to 77 years (mean 66.07 ±7.22 and 63.83 ± 7.58 years in oral feeding and NGT groups, respectively). Mann-Whitney U and Chi-square tests showed that differences between the two groups were not statistically significant with regard to age, tumor location and tumor stage. One case of fistula occurred in each group. Conclusion: Our results indicate that in a selected group of patients, it is possible to initiate oral feeding much earlier in the postoperative period than what was formerly thought. (Tanaffos 2008; 7(2): 64-70)https://www.tanaffosjournal.ir/article_242255_0496874cbe6964cf46073e158bd0cf55.pdfNational Research Institute of Tuberculosis and Lung Disease (NRITLD), Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IranTANAFFOS (Respiration)1735-034472(spiring)20080601Late Onset Dysphagia Secondary to Post-Pneumonectomy Syndrome, a Rare Complication7174242256ENMohammad Hossein Rahimi-RadDepartment of Respiratory Medicine, Urmia University of Medical Sciences and Health Services, URMIA- IRAN.Mohammad Khaled RezaeiDepartment of Respiratory Medicine, Urmia University of Medical Sciences and Health Services, URMIA- IRAN.Journal Article20210212Postpneumonectomy syndrome reflects extrinsic compression of the distal trachea and main stem bronchus due to shifting of the mediastinum and hyperinflation of the remaining lung. The syndrome is characterized by development of progressive dyspnea, cough, inspiratory stridor, and recurrent pneumonia in patients at least 6 months after surgery. We report a case of late onset dysphagia secondary to post-pneumonectomy syndrome, nine years after right pneumonectomy. It is a rare complication and there are only two similar reports in the literature. (Tanaffos 2008; 7(2): 71-74)https://www.tanaffosjournal.ir/article_242256_a48974fe72bb2cbbc5ebf5cfa26ede76.pdfNational Research Institute of Tuberculosis and Lung Disease (NRITLD), Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IranTANAFFOS (Respiration)1735-034472(spiring)20080601Association of Alveolar Hemorrhage with Amiodarone: Role of Bronchoscopy7578242257ENMehrdad BehniaMedical College of Georgia, Augusta, Georgia-USAJournal Article20210212A common pulmonary complication due to the toxicity of amiodarone is chronic interstitial pneumonitis. Alveolar hemorrhage, with or without hemoptysis, is an exceedingly infrequent presentation of amiodarone toxicity. We report a 69-year old patient with dyspnea, hypoxemia and bilateral diffuse interstitial and alveolar infiltrates occurring four months after treatment with amiodarone. An initial and comprehensive work-up did not reveal the cause of infiltrates. Bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid demonstrated foamy macrophages and alveolar hemorrhage, not caused by either vasculitis or autoimmune diseases. We speculate that amiodarone may have been associated with BAL findings since cessation of the drug resulted in resolution of the infiltrates. In amiodarone-induced lung injury, diffuse interstitial and alveolar infiltrates can be suggestive of alveolar hemorrhage and should be further investigated by bronchoscopy and BAL.(Tanaffos 2008; 7(2): 75-78)https://www.tanaffosjournal.ir/article_242257_6b63c845e4ae92e8c41129029b49a725.pdfNational Research Institute of Tuberculosis and Lung Disease (NRITLD), Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IranTANAFFOS (Respiration)1735-034472(spiring)20080601A 46-Year-Old Woman with Systemic Lupus Erythematosus and Brain Mass Lesion7983242258ENAnahita ShahnaziDepartment of Internal Medicine, Division of Infectious Disease and Clinical Immunology,Mojtaba HakimDepartment of Internal Medicine,
Labbafinejad Hospital,Seyed Davood MansooriDepartment of Internal Medicine, Division of Infectious Disease and Clinical Immunology,Lung Transplantation Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University M.C, TEHRAN-IRAN.Journal Article20210212https://www.tanaffosjournal.ir/article_242258_bbcaa334bad4309924d636c38dafadbc.pdf