ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Hakim Jorjani
https://www.tanaffosjournal.ir/article_241206_ad4525dc4828aa9342d1bf7b1e6435f6.pdf
2009-10-01
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
The Relation between Exhaled Carbon Monoxide Level and Smoking Cessation Outcome
Background: Smoking is the first preventable cause of mortality in the world. Smoking cessation is affected by various factors like nicotine dependence rate, individual issues and social factors. Measuring the level of exhaled carbon monoxide is a simple noninvasive diagnostic method for determination of smoking status and nicotine dependence; and this study evaluated its correlation with the outcome of smoking cessation. Materials and Methods: In this cross-sectional study, all individuals who had attended the smoking cessation programs in Tehran smoking cessation clinic for 6-sessions during a one- year period were questioned using a questionnaire designed according to the WHO and NRITLD questionnaires. At first, level of exhaled carbon monoxide was measured in all cases and those who quit smoking (no smoking even one puff) after the third treatment session were followed by phone in 1, 3, 6, 12 and 24 month intervals respectively. Results: Three hundred forty- seven cases were questioned in this study out of which, 292 (84.1%) cases were males. At the end of the treatment course, 237 cases (68.3%) successfully quit smoking, 27 cases (7.8%) cut down smoking and 83 cases (23.9%) were excluded from the study due to the exceeded absence from the course. After disregarding the excluded group, the success rate of smoking cessation was calculated to be 89.8%. Measurement of the level of expired carbon monoxide (CO) showed that the exhaled CO level was < 10 parts per million (ppm) in 98 cases (28.2%), between11-20 ppm in 149 cases (42.9%) and > 20 ppm in 100 (28.8%) cases. The highest rate of success in quitting smoking was observed among those with expired CO level < 11-20 ppm and cigarette consumption less than 30 cigarettes per day (p=0.00). Conclusion: Since cases with high concentration of exhaled carbon monoxide showed lower success rates in quitting smoking, more specific treatment courses along with more precise consultation and follow up are recommended for such cases. (Tanaffos 2009; 8(3): 10-16)
https://www.tanaffosjournal.ir/article_241207_ce64c74730a5545ce505ce4796440a54.pdf
2009-10-01
10
16
cigarette
Quit
Exhaled carbon monoxide
Nicotine dependence
Mahshid
Aryanpour
1
Tobacco Prevention and Control Research Center NRITLD, Shahid Beheshti University M.C.
AUTHOR
Majid
Tarahomi
2
Avicenna Research Institute, TEHRANIRAN.
AUTHOR
Gholam Reza
Heydari
3
Tobacco Prevention and Control Research Center NRITLD, Shahid Beheshti University M.C.
LEAD_AUTHOR
Zahra
Hesami
4
Tobacco Prevention and Control Research Center NRITLD, Shahid Beheshti University M.C.
AUTHOR
Ali
Ramezankhani
5
Tobacco Prevention and Control Research Center NRITLD, Shahid Beheshti University M.C.
AUTHOR
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Risk Factors Associated with Multidrug-Resistant Tuberculosis
Background: Multi-drug resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB), a form of TB resistant to isoniazid and rifampin , is considered as a major threat to TB control worldwide. Moreover, the infectivity of MDR-TB is similar to that of non-MDR TB. This study aims to find the risk factors associated with the development of MDR-TB among TB patients admitted to Masih Daneshvari Hospital, the national referral center for tuberculosis and lung diseases. Materials and Methods: The national referral institute for tuberculosis and lung diseases in Tehran (NRITLD) receives all the MDR-TB cases from all over the country. Based on this criterion alone, forty-eight pulmonary MDR-TB patients who were referred to this center between 2002 and 2005 were included in this study. For the purpose of comparison, 234 patients diagnosed with pulmonary TB were also selected randomly as the control group. The two groups were compared based on 102 demographic and clinical variables. These variables included age, sex, nationality, drug and opium use, method of referral, symptoms and etc. Results: Immigration and refugee status as well as history of anti-TB medication were found to be the most significant among the risk factors associated with MDR-TB. Also, 95.8% of the MDR-TB cases reported a previous history of anti-TB medication. This number was 23.1% in the non-MDR group. MDR-TB was more prevalent among the Afghan patients; out of a total of 78 Afghan patients, 22 (46.8%) composed the MDR-TB category, whereas, 56 (23.9%) Afghan patients belonged to the non-TB category. All MDR-TB patients had positive smears whereas 13.2% of non-MDR-TB patients had negative smears. Dyspnea and weight loss were among other significant variables. History of close contact, diabetes, smoking, drug use, fever, and BCG scar in both MDR TB and non-MDR-TB groups were among the insignificant variables found in this study. Conclusion: The limited sample size and location of the study may have resulted in insignificant variables. However, based on the obtained data, patient’s status as an immigrant or a refugee is an important risk factor for both MDR and non-MDR TB and is of particular concern in the growing trend of MDR-TB. (Tanaffos 2009; 8(3): 17-21)
https://www.tanaffosjournal.ir/article_241208_535c888106c936a22c8ff8c9aaf6f599.pdf
2009-10-01
17
21
tuberculosis
Multidrug-resistant
Isoniazid
Rifampin
Parvaneh
Baghaei
1
Department of Infectious Disease,
LEAD_AUTHOR
Payam
Tabarsi
2
Department of Infectious Disease
AUTHOR
Ehsan
Chitsaz
3
Department of Infectious Disease
AUTHOR
Atieh
Novin
4
Department of Infectious Disease
AUTHOR
Narges
Alipanah
5
Department of Infectious Disease
AUTHOR
Mehdi
Kazempour
6
Mycobacteriology Research Center,
AUTHOR
Davood
Mansouri
7
Department of Infectious Disease
AUTHOR
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Factors Associated with Relapsed Tuberculosis in Males and Females: A Comparative Study
Background: Tuberculosis (TB) is the leading cause of death from an infectious disease in women worldwide especially in developing countries. There is limited number of literature available on factors associated with the relapse of TB and very few studies on gender differences in this regard. This study aimed to compare the factors associated with the relapse of TB in males and females. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted in the medical department of Civil Hospital in Hyderabad from August 2008 to November 2008. A total of 100 consecutive patients of any age or gender, diagnosed with relapse of TB who had positive sputum smear after completion of a standard course of anti-tuberculosis therapy (ATT) were included in this study. Those with newly diagnosed tuberculosis and cases of treatment failure or treatment defaulters were excluded from the study. Demographic variables, factors associated with the previous TB infection and underlying medical conditions were among the variables compared in both sexes. Results: The mean age of patients was 36.84±17.40 years in males and 36.21±16.41 years in females. There were 38 females and 62 males. Among the factors associated with the relapse of TB, there were statistically significant differences between males and females in regard to addiction (p=0.01), employment (p <0.001), weight gain (p=0.01) and mean hemoglobin value (p=0.05). Conclusion: Further studies with larger sample sizes are required for evaluation and comparison of factors associated with the reactivation of TB in males and females. This would provide solutions for TB control agencies in the future. (Tanaffos 2009; 8(3): 22-27)
https://www.tanaffosjournal.ir/article_241209_1ba05b8d1d671e3623eb36f488ced068.pdf
2009-10-01
22
27
tuberculosis
Relapse
Gender Identity
Jamil Ahmed
Soomro
1
Research and Training monitoring Cell (RTMC), College of Physicians and Surgeons (CPSP), KARACHI-PAKISTAN
AUTHOR
Hammad Ali
Qazi
2
Research and Training monitoring Cell (RTMC), College of Physicians and Surgeons (CPSP), KARACHI-PAKISTAN
LEAD_AUTHOR
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
A Clinicopathologic Study of Lung Cancer Cases in Iran
Background: Lung cancer remains the leading cause of cancer-related deaths in the world. In Iran, lung cancer is the fifth leading cancer and its prevalence rate has been increasing steadily. In this study, the clinicopathological aspects of lung cancer are discussed. Materials and Methods: Between October 2002 and November 2005, 242 (178 men, 64 women) patients with histologically confirmed lung cancer were interviewed according to a questionnaire. Results: Women developed the disease at an earlier age than men (55.9±14.2 versus 61.3±12.3 years; p=0.004); 66.5% of lung cancer patients (85.4% of men and 14.1% of women) were smokers (p <0.0001); 76.3% of participants, who had exposure to secondhand smoke, were females. Among the environmental carcinogens, the most exposures were to inorganic dusts (49.8%) and chemical compounds (34.9%).Most male and female patients suffered from adenocarcinoma (28.9%) and non small cell carcinoma (28.5%). The prevalence of adenocarcinoma was higher in the non-smoker group, whereas incidence of squamous cell carcinoma and small cell carcinoma was higher among smokers (p <0.0001). In this study, most patients (74.0%) presented with an advanced-stage tumor (IIIB or IV). Conclusion: Our results suggest that in addition to cigarette smoking, other environmental, occupational and socioeconomic factors may play a role in the development of lung cancer. (Tanaffos 2009; 8(3): 28-36)
https://www.tanaffosjournal.ir/article_241210_7955926b0aa21d065f5248d09a50738b.pdf
2009-10-01
28
36
Lung cancer
Smoking
Exposure
Histology
Parisa Adimi
Naghan
1
Department of Pulmonary Medicine
AUTHOR
Mostafa
Hosseini
2
Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health,
AUTHOR
Seyed Ahmad
Seyed Alinaghi
3
Iranian Research Center for HIV/AIDS (IRCHA), Tehran University of Medical Sciences,
AUTHOR
Shirin
Karimi
4
Department of Clinical Anatomical Pathology
AUTHOR
Moslem
Bahadori
5
Department of Clinical Anatomical Pathology
AUTHOR
Kian
Khodadad
6
Chronic Respiratory Disease Research Center
AUTHOR
Forozan
Mohammadi
7
Department of Clinical Anatomical Pathology
AUTHOR
Kaveh
Keynama
8
Department of Pulmonary Medicine
AUTHOR
Laleh
Rahmani
9
Department of Pulmonary Medicine
AUTHOR
Mohammad Reza
Masjedi
10
Department of Pulmonary Medicine
LEAD_AUTHOR
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Relationship between the Severity of Airway Obstruction and Inspiratory Muscles Dysfunction in COPD Patients
Background: COPD is known as the main cause of morbidity and mortality in the world. Morbidity in COPD patients is mainly due to the respiratory muscle dysfunction especially diaphragm and chest wall muscles. Respiratory muscle dysfunction is mostly seen in severe and progressive stages of the disease. COPD results in increased functional residual capacity (FRC). In severe cases of COPD, respiratory muscle dysfunction and FRC raise lead to the deterioration of hyperinflation. Materials and Methods: In our study, 30 COPD patients (28 males, 2 females) referred to Masih Daneshvari Hospital were evaluated. All cases were studied with the exact same body plethysmography equipment and the same technician. Results: The average age, height, weight and BMI of cases were 53 +/- 11 yrs,168.86+/-6.33 cm, 65.44+/-16.78 kg and 23.56+/- 6.32, respectively. The mean FEV1 according to the GOLD criteria was in the range of moderate to severe. Hyperinflation noted characterized by RV and reverse RV/TLC, was clearly noticed in our study (RV=225.9+/-82.11, RV/TLC%= 195+/-34.49). Conclusion: Based on our study results, there was a significant correlation between FEV1, hyperinflation (RV/TLC, RV), respiratory muscle function (PImax/P1) and respiratory time cycle Ti/Ttot .It should be mentioned that there was a significant correlation between PImax and Tension Time Index as well. (Tanaffos 2009; 8(3): 37-42)
https://www.tanaffosjournal.ir/article_241211_80c8cc751ea1cb350e8ef1e59179acd5.pdf
2009-10-01
37
42
Airway obstruction
Muscle dysfunction
COPD
TI (inspiratory time)
Tension-time index (TTI)
Hamid Reza
Jamaati
1
Department of Pulmonary Medicine
LEAD_AUTHOR
Majid
Malekmohammad
2
Department of Pulmonary Medicine
AUTHOR
Mahnoosh
Nayebi
3
Department of Pulmonary Medicine
AUTHOR
Hamid
Mohammadi
4
Department of Pulmonary Medicine
AUTHOR
Roya
Teymori
5
Department of Pulmonary Medicine
AUTHOR
Parisa
Pajooh
6
Department of Pulmonary Medicine
AUTHOR
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Risk Assessment of Workers Exposed to Crystalline Silica Aerosols in the East Zone of Tehran
Background: The term "crystalline silica" refers to crystallized form of SiO2 and quartz, as the most abundant compound on earth crust, is capable of causing silicosis and lung cancer upon inhaling large doses in course of occupational exposure. Materials and Methods: In this study, airborne respirable dust samples were collected on mixed cellulose filters (25 mm diameter, 0.8 mm pore size), by using a cyclone separator at the flow rate of 2.2 l/min for a maximum volume of 800 liters. Infrared absorption spectrometry was used according to the "National Institute of Occupational Safety and Health" (NIOSH) method No. 7602 for analysis of samples. Risk assessment techniques predictive of silicosis and lung cancer were employed. Results: The geometric mean of workers' exposure to crystalline silica in ten industrial fields (stone milling and cutting, foundry work, glass manufacturing, asphalt, construction, sand and gravel mining, sand blast, ceramics, bricks and cement manufacturing) was in the range of 0.132 to 0.343 mg/m3 . Mortality rate of silicosis was predicted to be in range of 1 to 52 per one thousand exposed individuals. Risk of lung cancer mortality in exposed workers in the east zone of Tehran based on geometric mean exposure of industrial activity and 45 years of exposure was in range of 50 to 129 per one thousand. In terms of risk assessment of silicosis mortality, cumulative exposure of 21 percent of population complied with the notion of acceptable risk. In regard to lung cancer mortality, 100 percent of the population were expected to have an unacceptable risk after 45 years of active work experience. Conclusion: This study is the first of its kind in Iran demonstrating a profile of exposure in different groups of workers in the east zone of Tehran's greater city, covering 5.5 million populations. Considering the total population of one hundred thousand workers exposed to quartz in east zone of Tehran and aging of the current young workforce, numerous cases of silicosis and lung cancer are forecasted in near future. (Tanaffos 2009; 8(3): 43-50)
https://www.tanaffosjournal.ir/article_241212_b76a88d12c77c5d338769b2e3b994428.pdf
2009-10-01
43
50
Silicosis
Quartz
Lung cancer
Risk assessment and management
Mansour
R. Azari
1
School of Public Health, Shahid Beheshti University M.C, TEHRAN-IRAN.
LEAD_AUTHOR
Mohammad
Rokni
2
School of Public Health, Shahid Beheshti University M.C, TEHRAN-IRAN.
AUTHOR
Sousan
Salehpour
3
School of Public Health, Shahid Beheshti University M.C, TEHRAN-IRAN.
AUTHOR
Yadollah
Mehrabi
4
School of Public Health, Shahid Beheshti University M.C, TEHRAN-IRAN.
AUTHOR
Mohammad Javad
Jafari
5
School of Public Health, Shahid Beheshti University M.C, TEHRAN-IRAN.
AUTHOR
Ali Naser
Moaddeli
6
School of Public Health, Shahid Beheshti University M.C, TEHRAN-IRAN.
AUTHOR
Mohammad
Movahedi
7
School of Public Health, Shahid Beheshti University M.C, TEHRAN-IRAN.
AUTHOR
Ali
Ramezankhani
8
School of Public Health, Shahid Beheshti University M.C, TEHRAN-IRAN.
AUTHOR
Hossien
Hatami
9
School of Public Health, Shahid Beheshti University M.C, TEHRAN-IRAN.
AUTHOR
Mohammad Ali
Mosavion
10
School of Public Health, Shahid Beheshti University M.C, TEHRAN-IRAN.
AUTHOR
Behnam
Ramazani
11
School of Public Health, Shahid Beheshti University M.C, TEHRAN-IRAN.
AUTHOR
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Comparison between CT-Scan and Trans-Abdominal Sonography in Celiac and Splanchnic Plexus Blocks in Patients with Advanced Pancreatic Head Cancer
Background: Malignant diseases are usually associated with severe pain during their course especially at the end stages. Pancreatic head cancer is one of these diseases which can be associated with severe intolerable pains in the end stages. Sometimes, these pains are extremely severe and interfere with patient’s normal life. There are various techniques to control the pain out of which, celiac and splanchnic plexus blocks (temporary and permanent) are widely accepted procedures especially in severe cases and can control the pain efficiently. There are different approaches for performing this block which are all acceptable technically but are different in case of efficacy, accuracy and potential complications. Materials and Methods: Two groups were studied prospectively in 3 academic centers to evaluate different techniques of celiac plexus block in terms of feasibility and complications. For this purpose, 61 patients with a confirmed pancreatic head cancer who experienced severe pains were divided into two groups. CT- and sonographically-guided celiac and splanchnic plexus blocks were evaluated in group 1 (n=32) and group 2 (n=29), respectively. Results: This study showed that the pain control and patients’ satisfaction were greater in the CT-scan group (group A, p=0.18). The success rate of performing a ganglion block was higher in the ultrasound group (group B, p=0.000). The need for a re-block was also higher in the latter group. But, the quality of life improved more in the first group (CT-scan group). However, no statistically significant difference was found between the two groups regarding these two variables. Pain relief started earlier and lasted longer in the CT-scan group. No complication was detected except for one case of abdominal infection in the sonography group and in some cases a mild pain (score<3) was reported which was not significant. Conclusion: Considering the limited number of cases, it seems that although there was no significant difference in the outcome of plexus block or related complications between the two above-mentioned procedures, the suggested imaging technique for celiac plexus block is CT-scan because of its feasibility, accuracy and lower number of trials to achieve a favorable result. More complementary assessments are recommended to obtain more precise results. (Tanaffos 2009; 8(3): 51-57)
https://www.tanaffosjournal.ir/article_241213_85f2408565d1a0dd4cce44fab553bd30.pdf
2009-10-01
51
57
Celiac plexus block
CT-Scan
Sonography
analgesia
Badiolzaman
Radpay
1
Department of Anesthesiology
LEAD_AUTHOR
Khosrow
Farhadi
2
Department of Anesthesiology, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences,
AUTHOR
Mohammad Zaman
Radpay
3
Department of Anesthesiology, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences,
AUTHOR
Akbar
Goldasteh
4
University of Science and Culture
AUTHOR
Shideh
Dabir
5
Department of Anesthesiology
AUTHOR
Tahereh
Parsa
6
Department of Anesthesiology
AUTHOR
Mehrdad
Bakhshayesh Karam
7
Department of Radiology, NRITLD, Shahid Beheshti University M.C., TEHRAN-IRAN
AUTHOR
Mohammad
Fathi
8
Department of Anesthesiology,
AUTHOR
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Best Drugs for Avoiding Paradoxical Bronchospasm During Spirometry
Background: Asthma could be diagnosed by its characteristic presentation. Spirometry can help the diagnosis by revealing post-bronchodilator response. Classically, salbutamol (albuterol) is used for evaluating post-bronchodilator response. This drug causes paradoxical bronchospasm in less than 10% of asthmatic patients. This study aimed to evaluate the frequency of paradoxical bronchospasm with salbutamol during spirometry and compare it with other drugs that did not reveal paradoxical bronchospasm such as levalbuterol and ipratropium. Materials and Methods: One hundred-Ninety two asthmatic subjects were entered in this clinical trial. All patients showed clinical manifestations of asthma and revealed obstructive pattern during spirometry. They were randomly assigned into three groups of drugs included: salbutamol, levalbuterol and ipratropium. Two puffs of these drugs were administered via a spacer and patients waited for fifteen minutes for the maximal effect to take place. Then spirometry was obtained again and postbronchodilator FEV1 and its alterations were compared among the three groups. Results: The mean± SD age of patients was 49.40±17.4 years; the mean age, demographic data, clinical findings and spirometry results showed no significant difference among groups. FEV1 percent of predicted was 58.6± 19.5 which proved that most subjects were suffering from severe asthma. Improvement of FEV1 by salbutamol (22.2±3%) and levalbuterol (16±18%) was significantly more compared with ipratropium (9.4±11%) (t=2.5, P=0.01 and t=2.2, P=0.01, respectively). Paradoxical bronchospasm (more than 12% decrease in FEV1) was seen in two (3%), one (1.5%) and four (6%) subjects of salbutamol, ipratropium and levalbuterol groups, respectively. Regarding clinical improvement, levalbuterol resulted in the higher frequency of clinical improvement compared to salbutamol and ipratropium. Conclusion: With the dosage recommended for reversibility testing during spirometry, salbutamol showed comparable bronchodilator response and paradoxical bronchospasm frequency compared to levalbuterol and ipratropium. (Tanaffos 2009; 8(3): 58-64)
https://www.tanaffosjournal.ir/article_241214_b8493e579d544e41fcc3b1f01a0212ce.pdf
2009-10-01
58
64
Asthma
Paradoxical bronchospasm
Salbutamol
Albuterol
Levalbuterol
Ipratropium
Majid
Mirsadraee
1
Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Islamic Azad University, Mashhad Branch,
LEAD_AUTHOR
Masoumeh
Kabolie
2
Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Islamic Azad University, Mashhad Branch,
AUTHOR
Mohammad Hosein
Boskabady
3
Department of Physiology, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, MASHHAD-IRAN.
AUTHOR
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Polyserositis (Concato’s Disease) Due to Granulocyte Colony Stimulating Factor Therapy for Lymphoma
Polyserositis is defined as general inflammation of serous membranes associated with serous effusion due to many causes. In this study, we evaluated polyserositis as a rare complication of GCSF therapy. A 26-year-old man with a history of lymphoma was referred to our hospital complaining of dyspnea, tachycardia, tachypnea, chest pain, bilateral pleural effusion, ascites and massive pericardial effusion after 5 days of treatment with GCSF. After 7 days of treatment with indomethacin, dexamethasone and discontinuation of GCSF, the patient improved and was referred to an oncologist for chemotherapy of lymphoma. Based on this case report, we should consider various causes of pleural effusion in a patient with lymphoma, and use drugs with caution in such patients as they may be predisposed to dyspnea and fluid retention. (Tanaffos 2009; 8(3): 65-68)
https://www.tanaffosjournal.ir/article_242231_f4fdcf890b20db710e3bbca74b605c82.pdf
2009-10-01
65
68
Polyserositis
Pleural effusion
ascites
Pericardial effusion
GCSF
Concato’s disease
Hamid Rouhi
Boroujeni
1
Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Molecular cellular Research Center, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences ,
LEAD_AUTHOR
Parnia Rouhi
Boroujeni
2
Faculty of Pharmacy, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, SHAHREKORD-IRAN.
AUTHOR
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Solitary Fibrous Tumor of the Pleura: A Case Report and Review of the Literature
Solitary fibrous tumor of the pleura (SFTP) is a rare mesenchymal cell tumor that can be benign or malignant. The best treatment of this tumor is a complete surgical resection. We present clinical and histopathologic characteristics of the 4 patients and their outcomes. (Tanaffos 2009; 8(3): 69-76)
https://www.tanaffosjournal.ir/article_242232_45f9227f8571b29d573773030f71760a.pdf
2009-10-01
69
76
Solitary Fibrous Tumor
Pleura
Tumor
Kian
Khodadad
1
Thoracic Oncology Department,
LEAD_AUTHOR
Abolghasem
Daneshvar Kakhki
2
Department of Thoracic Surgery,
AUTHOR
Mona
Mojtahedzadeh
3
Thoracic Oncology Department,
AUTHOR
Salman
Otoukesh
4
Thoracic Oncology Department,
AUTHOR
Zohreh Mohammad
Taheri
5
Department of Pathology, Molecular Pathology Section,
AUTHOR
Zahra Esfahani
Monfared
6
Thoracic Oncology Department,
AUTHOR
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
A Young Dentist with Fever, Mediastinal Lymphadenopathies and Pulmonary Infiltration
https://www.tanaffosjournal.ir/article_242233_1d1481fb590a03dda8c6fb913a8fa1d9.pdf
2009-10-01
77
80
Davood
Mansouri
1
Department of Internal Medicine ,Division of Infectious Disease and Clinical Immunology,
LEAD_AUTHOR
Narges
Mikaniki
2
Department of Internal Medicine ,Division of Infectious Disease and Clinical Immunology,
AUTHOR
Monireh
Kamali
3
Department of Internal Medicine ,Division of Infectious Disease and Clinical Immunology,
AUTHOR
Ayyub
Ghafoorian
4
Department of Internal Medicine ,Division of Infectious Disease and Clinical Immunology,
AUTHOR
Majid
Marjani
5
Department of Internal Medicine ,Division of Infectious Disease and Clinical Immunology,
AUTHOR
Zohreh Mohammad
Taheri
6
Department of Pathology, Molecular Pathology Section,
AUTHOR