@article { author = {Mohammadi, Foroozan and Shafaghi, Behrooz and Dezfouli, Azizollah Abbasi and Karimi, Shirin and MirAfsharieh, Seyed Abbas and Mohammad Taheri, Zohreh and Bahadori, Moslem}, title = {Expression of Apoptosis Genes Related Protein in Thymoma and Invasive Thymoma}, journal = {TANAFFOS (Respiration)}, volume = {2}, number = {1(winter)}, pages = {7-14}, year = {2003}, publisher = {National Research Institute of Tuberculosis and Lung Disease (NRITLD), Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran}, issn = {1735-0344}, eissn = {2345-3729}, doi = {}, abstract = {ackground: The involvement of apoptotic genes in tumor genesis is well recognized. It was reported that P53 to be expressed more frequent in invasive thymoma than thymoma and expression of bcl-2 is positively correlate with aggressiveness of thymic epithelial neoplasm. We aimed to assess the expression of P53, bcl-2, and Rb genes related protein in thymoma and invasive thymoma. Materials and Methods: We analyzed formalin-fixed paraffin embedded tissue sections of thymic epithelial tumor during 1999 to 2001 for P53, bcl-2, and Rb protein by Immunohistochemistry. Results: Fifteen cases of thymic epithelial tumor including nine thymoma and six invasive thymoma were collected. P53 nuclear staining were found in epithelial cells of 14 cases (8 thymoma and 6 invasive thymoma). Rb protein was present in 10 cases (5 thymoma and 5 invasive thymoma). Cytoplasmic staining for bcl-2 was positive in six cases, of these, two were invasive. Conclusion: Between Products of these three genes, P53 protein accumulation is more pronounced than other two, and there is inverse relationship between P53 and bcl-2 expression. The accumulation of P53, bcl-2, and Rb does not correlate with invasiveness of tumor. We may suggest that difference in expression of P53, in our study, may occur in the absence of mutation due to some ethnic or environmental factors which needs more investigation. We also suggest that organotypical differentiation present at the molecular level in Thymoma. (Tanaffos 2003; 2(5): 7-14)}, keywords = {Apoptosis,p53,Bcl-2,Rb gene,Thymoma,Invasive thymoma}, url = {https://www.tanaffosjournal.ir/article_241548.html}, eprint = {https://www.tanaffosjournal.ir/article_241548_2e65433240e5ca726655ac7018b9cdf3.pdf} } @article { author = {Safavi, Enayat and Zahedpour Anaraki, Mohammad Reza and Firoozbakhsh, Shahram and Fard, M Nikparvar}, title = {The Study of Diagnosed Venous Thromboembolism}, journal = {TANAFFOS (Respiration)}, volume = {2}, number = {1(winter)}, pages = {15-22}, year = {2003}, publisher = {National Research Institute of Tuberculosis and Lung Disease (NRITLD), Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran}, issn = {1735-0344}, eissn = {2345-3729}, doi = {}, abstract = {Background: Pulmonary Thromboembolism (PTE) is the most common preventable cause of death in European and North American hospitalized patients. There are some differences in Venous Thromboembolism (VTE) epidemiology among different populations. This study was performed to determine the hospital incidence and case fatality rate of VTE and its association with risk factors. Materials and Methods: Careful reviewing of records of all patients discharged during an 8-year period (1989-1997) with the diagnosis of Deep Vein Thrombosis (DVT) and/or PTE. Results: There were 70 patients with PTE and 140 with DVT. The hospital incidence of VTE was 9 per 10/000. The mean age was 41 and female/male ratio was 1.6. One or more risk factors for VTE were present in 95% of patients, two or more in 67%. The most common ones were age>40 years (45%), prolonged immobility (29%), pregnancy or puerperium (28%), major surgery (16%), and history of VTE (16%). No patient had received DVT prophylaxis. Case fatality rate of PTE was 11%. Conclusion: The hospital VTE incidence is much lower than Western counterparts. The most important reasons may be youthfulness of Iran population and probably their hematological profiles. As the populations mean age is increasing, VTE incidence may be much higher in the future. Our study confirms earlier reported risk factors. Because of high birth rate, pregnancy and puerperium are among the most important risk factors. Prophylaxis for VTE is highly underused by our physicians. Clinical features and mortality rate conform well to western reports. (Tanaffos 2003; 2(5): 15-22)}, keywords = {Deep vein thrombosis,Pulmonary thromboembolism,Incidence,Risk Factors,Mortality}, url = {https://www.tanaffosjournal.ir/article_241549.html}, eprint = {https://www.tanaffosjournal.ir/article_241549_e02a1c9e7c64eea14b5341dff994ca6a.pdf} } @article { author = {Golshan, Mohammad and Amra, Babak and Faghihi, Mehri}, title = {Effects of Long-Term Occupational Silica Exposure on Pulmonary Function Tests in Fire Brick Workers}, journal = {TANAFFOS (Respiration)}, volume = {2}, number = {1(winter)}, pages = {23-28}, year = {2003}, publisher = {National Research Institute of Tuberculosis and Lung Disease (NRITLD), Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran}, issn = {1735-0344}, eissn = {2345-3729}, doi = {}, abstract = {Background: Pulmonary function decreases by advancing age in adults. Its results decrease in volume and airflow in spirometry. This decrement accentuates with cigarette smoking and occupational exposure to noxious materials including silica. Silica is known for its fibrosing effect on lung, but its effect on airways is questionable. Materials and Methods: Seventy six of the 151 total workers of a fire brick factory with mild silica exposure were followed for six years by repeating pulmonary function tests each two years. Spirometric parameters including: forced vital capacity (FVC), forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV1), forced expiratory flow at 75% of expiration (FEF75), and forced midexpiratory flow (FEF25-75) were recorded in each follow-up. The data were analyzed using paired sample t-test. The differences between each succeeding measurement and the original first one were calculated. Results: The subjects age ranged from 28 to 60 years, (mean±SD=39.9±7.71), and mean time of their employment was 13.7±5.23. Only 23.6% of them were smokers. During the study period the measured values for spirometric parameters were steadily decreasing. Mean annual decrements for FVC, FEV1, FEF75, and FEF25-75 were 49.84, 61.95, 31.5 and 148.8 ml, respectively. All of these values were much more than normal limits. Conclusion: Exposure to silica dust amounts is insufficient to produce pulmonary fibrosis, but it can result in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease as reflected in aggravated reduction of expiratory flow rates in workers participated in this study. (Tanaffos 2003; 2(5): 23-28)}, keywords = {Refractory brick,Fire brick,COPD,Spirometry,Silicosis,Pulmonary function test}, url = {https://www.tanaffosjournal.ir/article_241551.html}, eprint = {https://www.tanaffosjournal.ir/article_241551_7826d5da8ec98acdc38c7fe852949ded.pdf} } @article { author = {Farnia, Parissa and Masjedi, Mohammad Reza and Mohammadi, Foroozan and Nasehi, Mahshid and Foroozesh, Mokhtar and Salek, Salek and Abbasi, Mohammad and Bahrmand, Ahmad Reza and Ghazisaidi, Kiumars and Feyzabadi, Mohammad and Zia Zarif, Abol-Hassan and Bahadori, Moslem and Velayati, Ali Akbar}, title = {The Results of Three Years Surveillance on Sputum Smear Microscopy in 285 District and Regional Tuberculosis Laboratories of Iran}, journal = {TANAFFOS (Respiration)}, volume = {2}, number = {1(winter)}, pages = {29-36}, year = {2003}, publisher = {National Research Institute of Tuberculosis and Lung Disease (NRITLD), Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran}, issn = {1735-0344}, eissn = {2345-3729}, doi = {}, abstract = {Background: The study was designed to assess routine smear microscopy in 285 tuberculosis (TB) public health laboratories of Iran. Materials and Methods: Over one year period (1999), the information regarding infrastructure, specimen processing (smearing, staining, smear reading), and safety points of TB laboratories were collected. Thereafter, in two consecutive years (2000 & 2001), the accuracy of smear reading was investigated by sending a set of 6 blinded slides to each laboratory. In total, 1710(X2) slides were prepared, of which 855 were positive (having varying degree of positivity), and 855 were negative. Results: We found that 68.4% of TB laboratories were using commercially prepared staining kits of inferior quality and 72% of TB technicians examined, each slide for less than 7 minutes whereas the recommended standard time is 15-20 minutes. The results of blinded smear reading in the first round demonstrated 71% of accuracy. However, after 3 days of smear microscopy training for personnel in 60 poorly performing laboratories, we observed a substantial improvement in the quality of microscopy. The number of false positive reports dropped from 20 to 0 (p <0.05), and the number of negative reports declined from 40 to 5 (p <0.05). Overall, out of 237 participating laboratories in the second round, 217(91%) laboratories could correctly detect positive and negative smears. Conclusion: This study demonstrates the importance of quality control and correct performance of smear microscopy. It also emphasizes the need for implementing strict and ongoing quality control for all laboratory procedures. (Tanaffos 2003; 2(5): 29-36)}, keywords = {Smear Microscopy,TB Laboratory,quality control}, url = {https://www.tanaffosjournal.ir/article_241552.html}, eprint = {https://www.tanaffosjournal.ir/article_241552_4b5952c44fbd7e1e0024dc49dfa6a0af.pdf} } @article { author = {Zahmatkesh, Mohammad Mehdi and Asadian, Asadollah and Ehteshami-Afshar, Amin}, title = {Is Measurement of Beta Angle in Flow Volume Loop Useful for Diagnosis of Airways Obstruction?}, journal = {TANAFFOS (Respiration)}, volume = {2}, number = {1(winter)}, pages = {37-42}, year = {2003}, publisher = {National Research Institute of Tuberculosis and Lung Disease (NRITLD), Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran}, issn = {1735-0344}, eissn = {2345-3729}, doi = {}, abstract = {Background: Spirometry is the most common method for evaluation of lung function, and the shape of flow-volume loop is very helpful for recognition of pulmonary disease pattern particularly, the site and severity of airway obstruction. The slope of descending arch of expiratory curve is one of the criteria which determine the severity of lower airways obstruction. Measurement of Beta angle is one of the methods for determination of this slope. Beta-angle is characterized by determination of three points on the flow-volume loop. Its vertex is maximum flow in the middle of vital capacity (V.max 50%). Its other points are the outset of residual volume (RV) on the volume axis and the peak flow on the flow axis. Materials and Methods: This is a cross-sectional descriptive study. To determine the measurement of Beta- angle, the flowvolume curve was examined in 325 patients, (smokers and non-smokers) randomly. These patients were referred for pulmonary function tests to our hospital. All the patients underwent standard spirometry and used SPSS package for calculating the results. Results: Following results were obtained: The size of Beta-angle decreased with the increase of age, from the third decade of life and onward. There was a significant difference in the mean Beta-angle between the smokers that consumed more than 20 pack-year and the non-smokers. The size of Beta-angle decreased with obstruction of peripheral airways, but it had no correlation with restrictive lesions. The size of this angle decreased with the reduction of different pulmonary measures such as FEV1, FEV1/FVC, and FEF25-75%. Conclusion: The size of Beta-angle is useful for detecting patient with obstructive lung disease. (Tanaffos 2003; 2(5): 37- 42) Abbreviations: FEV1= forced expiratory volume in second one FVC= forced vital capacity FEF25-75= forced expiratory flow in mid-portion of vital capacity}, keywords = {Flow-volume loop (curve),Beta angle,Obstructive pulmonary disease,Cigarette smoking}, url = {https://www.tanaffosjournal.ir/article_241553.html}, eprint = {https://www.tanaffosjournal.ir/article_241553_2edbde9653adf2ab0146d2745a9324c6.pdf} } @article { author = {Mirsaeidi, Seyed Mehdi and Hashemi, Maryam and Rafiey, Hassan and Keshoofi, Mohammad and Dizaji, Mehdi Kazempour and Masjedi, Mohammad Reza}, title = {A Comparison Between the MMPI-2 Profiles in Tuberculosis and other Pulmonary Diseases}, journal = {TANAFFOS (Respiration)}, volume = {2}, number = {1(winter)}, pages = {43-49}, year = {2003}, publisher = {National Research Institute of Tuberculosis and Lung Disease (NRITLD), Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran}, issn = {1735-0344}, eissn = {2345-3729}, doi = {}, abstract = {Background: Globally, tuberculosis (TB) causes the greatest mortality due to a single infectious agent. Apart from the pulmonary damages, its psychological aspects are of great concern. This study aimed at a comparison between the MMPI-2 (Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory) profiles in TB patients and the patients with other lung diseases. Materials and Methods: New cases of tuberculosis (recently documented TB patients) were interviewed and also took the MMPI-2 test 15 days after admission to the hospital. Control subjects consisted of the patients with lung diseases other than tuberculosis, hospitalized in the pulmonary internal and surgical wards of the hospital. They were interviewed and took the MMPI test as well. The results were analyzed with Hotelling's T2 and t-test using NCSS 2000. Results: Of 120 patients in this study, 60 had pulmonary TB and 60 were non-TB control patients. The mean age of the patients was 35.18 years. Eight clinical scales of the MMPI-2 (Ma, Sc, Pt, Pa, Pd, Hy, D, Hs) with T scores less than 50 (<50), 50-70, and more than 70 (>70), respectively, represented the normal personality, tendency for psychological disorders, and psychological disorder. Depression Scale (D) in TB group showed 7 patients (%11) <50, 43 patients (%71) 50-70, and 10 patients (%16) >70. In the same group, Psychopathic Deviate scale (Pd) revealed 6 patients (%10) <50, 51 patients (%85) 50-70, and 3 persons (%5) >70. Both of the scales showed a significant difference in cases over the control group (p=0.006 for D and p=0.0001 for Pd). All the MMPI scales together showed a significant difference (p=0.0139) in TB patients over the controls. Conclusion: The difference in personality profiles of TB patients with those of the controls, and the higher D and Pd scores in TB group can indicate the higher risk of TB for persons with depression and psychopathic deviation. But it may also be due to the confounding effect of mood on the MMPI-2 test results. (Tanaffos 2003; 2(5), 43-49)}, keywords = {Tuberculosis (TB),Depression,Psychopathy,Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory-2 (MMPI-2)}, url = {https://www.tanaffosjournal.ir/article_241554.html}, eprint = {https://www.tanaffosjournal.ir/article_241554_b02cf161d0ee742e65659c01e1edf637.pdf} } @article { author = {Khalilzadeh, Soheila and Baghaie, Nooshin and Boloorsaz, Mohammad Reza and Hakimi, Mohammad and Arami, Siamak and Velayati, Ali Akbar}, title = {Screening of Tuberculosis in Symptomatic Close Contact Children}, journal = {TANAFFOS (Respiration)}, volume = {2}, number = {1(winter)}, pages = {51-56}, year = {2003}, publisher = {National Research Institute of Tuberculosis and Lung Disease (NRITLD), Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran}, issn = {1735-0344}, eissn = {2345-3729}, doi = {}, abstract = {Background: Tuberculosis in children is one of the major causes of mortality in the third-world countries. Source of tuberculosis transmission to the children is infected adult patients with positive pulmonary smear who are in close contact with these children. This study conducted to reveal the rate of active tuberculosis among symptomatic close contact in children. Materials and Methods: We reviewed 124 children with symptoms and history of close contact with active tuberculosis between March 2000 and March 2002 in National Research Institute of Tuberculosis and Lung Disease (NRITLD). Diagnostic criteria used for detection of childhood tuberculosis consisted of having at least three out of five following criteria: clinical symptoms, history of close contact, radiological findings, positive PPD test, and positive bacteriological or pathologic findings. Results: Of 124 cases, 65(52%) were female and 59(48%) were male. 68(55%) were Afghan refugees and 56(45%) were Iranian. All patients had positive clinical symptoms. 65(53%) of children had a PPD induration more than 10mm. Positive radiological findings (Chest-X-ray or Computed Tomography) were detected in 56(46%) cases. Mycobacterium tuberculosis was isolated from gastric washing fluid in 25(20%). Considering aforementioned criteria, 56(45%) patients were diagnosed as active tuberculosis while 68(55%) were received chemoprophylaxis. Among those with active disease, 23 had three positive criteria, 21 had four positive criteria, and 12 fulfilled whole criteria. Conclusion: Our results are important for the setting of priorities and rationalization of screening, chemoprophylaxis and early treatment measures, particularly among symptomatic close contacts in children. Multidisciplinary and multi-level approaches both by the government and private health care providers will have a positive impact on the childhood tuberculosis status in Iran. (Tanaffos 2003; 2(5), 51-56)}, keywords = {tuberculosis,Children,Close contact,Symptom,Screening}, url = {https://www.tanaffosjournal.ir/article_241555.html}, eprint = {https://www.tanaffosjournal.ir/article_241555_2dc5b98201a9b95cfaec2c414e05a3b5.pdf} } @article { author = {Alaei, Kamyar and Mansoori, Davood and Alaei, Arash}, title = {The Effect of One Year INH Prophylaxis in Reduction of Clinical TB in HIV-Infected Injecting Drug User Males}, journal = {TANAFFOS (Respiration)}, volume = {2}, number = {1(winter)}, pages = {57-61}, year = {2003}, publisher = {National Research Institute of Tuberculosis and Lung Disease (NRITLD), Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran}, issn = {1735-0344}, eissn = {2345-3729}, doi = {}, abstract = {Background: Due to increased prevalence of tuberculosis among HIV-infected patients, INH (Isoniazid) chemoprophylaxis has a major impact on the development of clinical tuberculosis. Materials and Methods: For the evaluation of INH effect on prevention, we used INH, 300 mg daily for 115 available TST (tuberculin skin test) positive HIV-infected patients for twelve months. Results: During three-year follow up, only twelve patients developed tuberculosis which was significantly lower than minimum estimated rate among these patients (>10% per year). Conclusion: We conclude that INH prophylaxis was effective method to prevent clinical tuberculosis among TST positive HIV-infected patients. (Tanaffos 2003; 2(5): 57-61)}, keywords = {tuberculosis,HIV infection,Isoniazid,Prophylaxis}, url = {https://www.tanaffosjournal.ir/article_241556.html}, eprint = {https://www.tanaffosjournal.ir/article_241556_54006ee8647b52169a355ef438fedca1.pdf} } @article { author = {Golab Behbahan, Afshin Ghaleh and Heidarnezhad, Hassan and Hashemzadeh, Shahryar and Talghini, Shahla}, title = {Congenital Lobar Emphysema; a Case Report Presenting with Respiratory Distress}, journal = {TANAFFOS (Respiration)}, volume = {2}, number = {1(winter)}, pages = {63-69}, year = {2003}, publisher = {National Research Institute of Tuberculosis and Lung Disease (NRITLD), Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran}, issn = {1735-0344}, eissn = {2345-3729}, doi = {}, abstract = {Congenital lobar emphysema (CLE) is a cause of respiratory distress in newborns and infants. In this study we presented a complicated case of CLE in a 35-day-old infant who was treated successfully with surgical intervention. We reviewed several articles and texts to offer a complete discussion about clinical and paraclinical aspects of this entity. (Tanaffos 2003; 2(5): 63-69)}, keywords = {}, url = {https://www.tanaffosjournal.ir/article_241557.html}, eprint = {https://www.tanaffosjournal.ir/article_241557_1b856730d7abd8f859d086548dc62341.pdf} }