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104/mL and >105 CFU/mL were reported as culture-positive for BAL and TEA, respectively. Results: A total of 331 respiratory specimens were analyzed. Based on culture results, the best cut-off point was 35 microorganisms in 10 HPFs of microscopy and provided 90.4% sensitivity and 90.8% specificity. The best cut-off point for 25 microorganisms in 10 fields of light microscopy provided 95.2% sensitivity and 85.7% specificity. Conclusion: A DQS obtained by BAL and TEA may be a reliable and rapid method to diagnose pneumonia and anticipate semi-quantitative culture results. The sensitivity and specificity of a direct smear have adequate diagnostic yield to recommend it as an adjunct to microorganism-isolation methods.]]>
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60 age groups, and were 41 and 44 days, respectively. Treatment delay was the same as the total delay except in the place of residence variable; median treatment delay among urban patients was less than that of rural patients. Conclusion: According to this study age, prison status of patients, HIV test and contact history had a significant relationship with the treatment delay and total delay (P-value<0.05). Understanding the factors that are closely associated with these delays is essential to effectively control TB and could be helpful in reducing these delays.]]>
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0.60 and a good modified kappa were revised, merged, or retained. The new 43-item questionnaire found a scale-level CVI, averaging (Scale-CVI/Ave) of 0.91. Conclusion: The PITS risk factors questionnaire was developed and validated through item selection, expert opinions, and content validity index.]]>
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0.05). However, the incidence of severe pneumonia was significantly less in the group with normal Zn plasma levels (P=0.001). Conclusion: Based on the findings of the present study, there was no statistically significant relationship between the plasma levels of Zn and the clinical course of pneumonia. However, Zn lowered the incidence of severe pneumonia.]]>
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0.05), except for forced vital capacity (FVC) and forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1) (p < 0.05). Conclusion: In conclusion, the workers exposed to higher levels of crystalline silica had lower values of pulmonary function indices and lower health-related quality of life; however, further follow-up studies are needed to confirm these findings.]]>
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