Immunopathogenesis of Pneumonia in COVID-19
Shamila D.
Alipoor
Department of Molecular Medicine, Institute of Medical Biotechnology, National Institute of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Tehran, Iran
author
Hamidreza
Jamaat
Chronic Respiratory Diseases
Research Center, National Research Institute of Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases (NRITLD), Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
author
Payam
Tabarsi
Clinical Tuberculosis and
Epidemiology Research Center, (NRITLD), Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
author
Esmaeil
Mortaz
Clinical Tuberculosis and
Epidemiology Research Center, (NRITLD), Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
author
text
article
2020
eng
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), caused by a member of the Coronaviridae family (SARS-CoV-2), was initially reported in Wuhan, China in late December and spread rapidly around the world, reaching a pandemic level (1). This disease has been diagnosed in almost 4.44 million people globally, resulting in more than 302,000 deaths until 15 May, 2020 (2). In Iran, a total of 115,000 confirmed cases of COVID-19 were reported until May 2020, with a fatality rate of 5.118%. Coronaviruses are enveloped positive-stranded RNA viruses with an approximate size of 80-120 nm. They contain the longest viral RNA genomes of all RNA virus families (3). The whole genome sequence of this novel virus contains 29,903 nucleotides. SARS-CoV-2 is closely related to bat-derived SARS-like coronaviruses, sharing 79% nucleotide identity with SARS-CoV (4, 5). Also, viral capsid proteins, including spike glycoprotein (S protein), play an important role in the cell entry and tropism in patients with COVID-19 (6). Overall, coronaviruses use a variety of receptors to enter the cells. Recent evidence shows high homology between SARS-CoV and SARS-CoV-2, as SARS-CoV-2 uses angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) as its receptor, similar to SARS-CoV (7).
TANAFFOS (Respiration)
National Research Institute of Tuberculosis and Lung Disease (NRITLD), Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
1735-0344
19
v.
2
no.
2020
79
82
https://www.tanaffosjournal.ir/article_239521_5d4e537d22c6f6fe8d41c4b1ba6b2a13.pdf
Clergymen in Hospitals as Patient Companions during the COVID-19 Pandemic
Reza
Aminnejad
Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care, Qom University of Medical Sciences, Qom, Iran,
author
Hamed
Shafiee
Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care, Qom University of Medical Sciences, Qom, Iran
author
Reza
Heidarifar
Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care, Qom University of Medical Sciences, Qom, Iran,
author
Rosa
Alikhani
Department of Psychiatry, Psychosis Research Center, University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
author
text
article
2020
eng
As of December 2019, a new pandemic disease, called coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19), is spreading rapidly around the world (1). On February 19, Iran reported the first case of COVID-19 infection (2). Similar to previous outbreaks of infectious diseases, anxiety, besides other symptoms, was a common finding in hospitalized patients in Qom, Iran, which was also reported in patient companions (3). The unexpected workload, alongside limited human resources, particularly the nursing staff, was a common problem in most hospital wards during the early weeks of the outbreak.A few weeks following the COVID-19 crisis, a volunteer group of clergymen, trained for primary personal protective measures, replaced the patient companions in Nekooei-Hedayati-Forghani Hospital. After one week, the patients, nurses, and physicians were asked if they were satisfied with the presence of volunteer clergymen as patient companions. The results showed that 92.9% of patients were satisfied with the presence of clergymen, while only 2% were unhappy. Fear of disease transmission to the volunteered companions and others (particularly families) was the only reason for the patients’ dissatisfaction. On the other hand, the reasons for the patients’ satisfaction with the presence of clergymen were overcoming the feeling of loneliness, reduction of fear and anxiety, and promotion of spiritual well-being.
TANAFFOS (Respiration)
National Research Institute of Tuberculosis and Lung Disease (NRITLD), Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
1735-0344
19
v.
2
no.
2020
83
84
https://www.tanaffosjournal.ir/article_239528_4b4521872f21aa56613d25e89db33c20.pdf
Bruton's Tyrosine Kinase: A Promising Target for the Treatment of COVID-19
Mitra
Rezaei
Virology Research Center, National Research Institute of Tuberculosis and Lung diseases (NRITLD), Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran,
author
Abdolreza
Babamahmoodi
Clinical Tuberculosis and Epidemiology Research Center, NRITLD, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
author
Majid Marjani
Marjani
Clinical Tuberculosis and Epidemiology Research Center, NRITLD, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
author
text
article
2020
eng
Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) emerged in December 2019 in China and quickly spread throughout the world. By June 24, 2020, the World Health Organization (WHO) reported the total number of 8,993,659 laboratory-confirmed cases leading to 469,587 deaths worldwide (1). COVID-19 has a range of clinical manifestations from asymptomatic cases to severe and life-threatening illnesses (2). The most severe form of the disease is the rapidly progressing failure of the respiratory system, presenting by severe dyspnea and profound hypoxemia, and may lead to acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS)(3) .The pathophysiology of COVID-19 is under investigation and has not yet certainly defined. Like other severe forms of coronavirus diseases, the hyperactivation of the immune system resulting in hyper inflammation and cytokine storm syndrome has been postulated (4) . Most of the patients with the severe form of COVID-19 have higher serum levels of various inflammatory cytokines and chemokines, including interleukin-1β (IL-1β), IL-6, granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF), granulocyte/macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF), interferon-γ (IFN-γ), tumor necrosis factor (TNF), and macrophage inflammatory protein-1α (MIP1α)(5, 6) .
TANAFFOS (Respiration)
National Research Institute of Tuberculosis and Lung Disease (NRITLD), Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
1735-0344
19
v.
2
no.
2020
85
88
https://www.tanaffosjournal.ir/article_239530_afa3e08ed295fbe5ff7e0edd56ceb012.pdf
Triage Management of Patients during the Outbreak of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19)
Reza
Shirvani
Clinical Research Development Center, Nekouei-Hedayati-Forghani Hospital, Qom University of Medical Sciences, Qom, Iran,
author
Reza
Heidarifar
Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care, Qom University of Medical Sciences, Qom, Iran.
author
Roghayyeh
Ahangari
Clinical Research Development Center, Nekouei-Hedayati-Forghani Hospital, Qom University of Medical Sciences, Qom, Iran,
author
Monireh
Mirzaie
Clinical Research Development Center, Nekouei-Hedayati-Forghani Hospital, Qom University of Medical Sciences, Qom, Iran,
author
Mahboubeh Sadat
Yousefi
Clinical Research Development Center, Nekouei-Hedayati-Forghani Hospital, Qom University of Medical Sciences, Qom, Iran,
author
text
article
2020
eng
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), as a rapidly growing pandemic, was first reported in Iran on February 19, 2020 (1). Following the pandemic, with the spread of fear by social media, people rushed to stock up on goods, and even many rushed to hospitals and clinics. Triage of patients in emergency departments is of particular importance, as these departments have always been on the front line of care for patients. Therefore, if the triage system is not efficient, it can lead to overcrowding in hospitals (2). This overcrowding can result in the exhaustion of the medical staff, loss of patients, missing the required tests for patients, and anxiety in patients.Overcrowding caused by erroneous triage decisions may predispose uninfected patients with contagious diseases to COVID-19 (3, 4). Accordingly, specific hospitals were initially designated to patients with COVID-19 in every city so that patients with severe conditions, such as myocardial infarction (MI), cerebrovascular accidents (CVAs), traumas, and other diseases, could be referred to other hospitals to prevent the spread of infection. Overall, the greatest challenge was the large number of patients, referred to the designated hospitals with symptoms of common cold, flu, and COVID-19.
TANAFFOS (Respiration)
National Research Institute of Tuberculosis and Lung Disease (NRITLD), Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
1735-0344
19
v.
2
no.
2020
89
90
https://www.tanaffosjournal.ir/article_239531_5fa5075d1c797932cedcf630c476c25a.pdf
NRITLD Protocol for the Management of Patients with COVID-19 Admitted to Hospitals
Majid
Marjani
Clinical Tuberculosis and Epidemiology Research Center, National Research Institute of Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran,
author
Payam
Tabarsi
Clinical Tuberculosis and Epidemiology Research Center, National Research Institute of Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran,
author
Afshin
Moniri
Clinical Tuberculosis and Epidemiology Research Center, National Research Institute of Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran,
author
Seyed Mohammadreza
Hashemian
Clinical Tuberculosis and Epidemiology Research Center, National Research Institute of Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran,
author
Seyed Alireza
Nadji
Virology Research Center, National Research Institute of Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran,
author
Zahra
Abtahian
Clinical Tuberculosis and Epidemiology Research Center, National Research Institute of Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran,
author
Majid
Malekmohammad
Tracheal Diseases Research Center, National Research Institute of Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran,
author
Arda
Kiani
Tracheal Diseases Research Center, National Research Institute of Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran,
author
Behrooz
Farzanegan
Tracheal Diseases Research Center, National Research Institute of Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran,
author
Alireza
Eslaminejad
Tracheal Diseases Research Center, National Research Institute of Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran,
author
Atefeh
Fakharian
Chronic Respiratory Disease Research Center, National Research Institute of Tuberculosis and Lung Disease (NRITLD), Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran,
author
Jalal
Heshmatnia
Clinical Tuberculosis and Epidemiology Research Center, National Research Institute of Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran,
author
Atefeh
Abedini
Chronic Respiratory Disease Research Center, National Research Institute of Tuberculosis and Lung Disease (NRITLD), Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran,
author
Sharareh
Seifi
Chronic Respiratory Disease Research Center, National Research Institute of Tuberculosis and Lung Disease (NRITLD), Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran,
author
Fatemeh
Yassari
Chronic Respiratory Disease Research Center, National Research Institute of Tuberculosis and Lung Disease (NRITLD), Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran,
author
Maryam Sadat
Mirenayat
Chronic Respiratory Disease Research Center, National Research Institute of Tuberculosis and Lung Disease (NRITLD), Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran,
author
Mitra
Rezaei
Virology Research Center, National Research Institute of Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran,
author
Hakimeh
Sheikhzade
Clinical Tuberculosis and Epidemiology Research Center, National Research Institute of Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran,
author
Zargham Hossein
Ahmadi
Lung Transplant Research Center, National Research Institute of Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran,
author
Farzaneh
Dastan
Chronic Respiratory Disease Research Center, National Research Institute of Tuberculosis and Lung Disease (NRITLD), Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran,
author
Mohsen
Sadeghi
Chronic Respiratory Disease Research Center, National Research Institute of Tuberculosis and Lung Disease (NRITLD), Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran,
author
Somayeh
Lookzadeh
Chronic Respiratory Disease Research Center, National Research Institute of Tuberculosis and Lung Disease (NRITLD), Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran,
author
Mihan
Porabdollah
Chronic Respiratory Disease Research Center, National Research Institute of Tuberculosis and Lung Disease (NRITLD), Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran,
author
Elham
Askari
Chronic Respiratory Disease Research Center, National Research Institute of Tuberculosis and Lung Disease (NRITLD), Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran,
author
Parvaneh
Baghaei
Clinical Tuberculosis and Epidemiology Research Center, National Research Institute of Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran,
author
Babak
Mansourafshar
Clinical Tuberculosis and Epidemiology Research Center, National Research Institute of Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran,
author
Alireza
Jahangirifard
Lung Transplant Research Center, National Research Institute of Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran,
author
Maryam
Vasheghani
Chronic Respiratory Disease Research Center, National Research Institute of Tuberculosis and Lung Disease (NRITLD), Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran,
author
Mojtaba Mokhber
Dezfuli
Lung Transplant Research Center, National Research Institute of Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran,
author
Mohammad
Varahram
Mycobacteriology Research Center, National Research Institute of Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran,
author
Hamidreza
Jamaati
Chronic Respiratory Disease Research Center, National Research Institute of Tuberculosis and Lung Disease (NRITLD), Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran,
author
Davood
Mansouri
Clinical Tuberculosis and Epidemiology Research Center, National Research Institute of Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran,
author
Alireza
Zali
Research Center for Neurosurgery and Functional Nerves, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
author
Ali Akbar
Velayati
Clinical Tuberculosis and Epidemiology Research Center, National Research Institute of Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran,
author
text
article
2020
eng
In December 2019, the first case of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), was reported from China. An emerging infectious disease caused by a new strain of coronavirus, namely severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) led to a global health problem and pandemic (1).By 28 May 2020, the total number of laboratory-confirmed cases of COVID-19 surpassed 5,701,337, with 357,688 reported deaths worldwide (2). Iran reported its first confirmed cases of COVID-19 on the 19 February 2020 in Qom, Qom Province (3), and by 29 May 2020, a total of 143,849 confirmed cases and 7627 deaths were reported (2).
TANAFFOS (Respiration)
National Research Institute of Tuberculosis and Lung Disease (NRITLD), Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
1735-0344
19
v.
2
no.
2020
91
99
https://www.tanaffosjournal.ir/article_239587_c1bde58400af5ad873a71054536f46e0.pdf
Radiological Mimickers of COVID-19 Pneumonia: A Pictorial Review
Mehrdad
Bakhshayeshkaram
Chronic Respiratory Diseases Research Center, National Research Institute of Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases (NRITLD), Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran,
author
Sara
Haseli
Chronic Respiratory Diseases Research Center, National Research Institute of Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases (NRITLD), Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran,
author
Pooya
Iranpour
Medical Imaging Research Center, Department of Radiology, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
author
text
article
2020
eng
Computed tomography (CT) scan plays an important role in the early diagnosis of coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pneumonia. In resource-limited regions with limited availability of polymerase chain reaction (PCR) kits, CT findings, together with appropriate clinical parameters, are used to establish an accurate diagnosis. However, since the radiological findings are non-specific, the CT features may overlap with the findings of several other categories of pulmonary diseases. Diagnosis based on radiological features can be especially challenging in the presence of a comorbid lung disease. This study aimed to describe the radiological findings of a wide spectrum of lung pathologies, with emphasis on their similarities with the common presentations of COVID-19 pneumonia.
TANAFFOS (Respiration)
National Research Institute of Tuberculosis and Lung Disease (NRITLD), Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
1735-0344
19
v.
2
no.
2020
100
107
https://www.tanaffosjournal.ir/article_239627_0428a8dda221f1773bc4828b56144ccc.pdf
A Novel Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19): a Review of Host Cell Signaling Pathways
Hadiseh
Mohammadpour
Dental Research Center, Dentistry Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran,
author
Ali
Ziai
Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran,
author
Makan
Sadr
Virology Research Center, National Research Institutes of Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases (NRITLD), Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran,
author
Mitra
Rezaei
Virology Research Center, National Research Institutes of Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases (NRITLD), Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran,
author
Majid
Marjani
Clinical Tuberculosis and Epidemiology Research Center, NRITLD, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
author
Payam
Tabarsi
Clinical Tuberculosis and Epidemiology Research Center, NRITLD, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
author
text
article
2020
eng
Coronaviruses (CoVs) are the largest group of positive-sense RNA viruses. By increasing our understanding of the interactions between CoVs and the host innate immune system, we can evaluate the development and persistence of inflammation in the lungs and reduce the risk of CoV-induced lung inflammation with a new group of genetic variants. Here, we aim to discuss some recent changes in host cell factors that may be used by CoV to promote the proliferation cycle. We also discuss different host cell signaling pathways that can be considered in the host-pathogen interactions at the molecular level. The pandemic of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), has created new challenges for the cultural, economic, and health infrastructures. Therefore, it is important that healthcare systems and physicians recognize a global integrated framework for monitoring the progression of COVID-19 to develop targeted therapies that can potentially save human lives.
TANAFFOS (Respiration)
National Research Institute of Tuberculosis and Lung Disease (NRITLD), Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
1735-0344
19
v.
2
no.
2020
108
111
https://www.tanaffosjournal.ir/article_239654_b32e8a8a057beef0999b0009450de9bf.pdf
Real Clinical Practice and Therapeutic Management Following COVID-19 Crisis in two Hospitals in Iran: A Statistical and Conceptual View
Ali
Najafi
Molecular Biology Research Center, Systems Biology and Poisonings Institute, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran,
author
Mostafa
Ghanei
Chemical Injuries Research Center, Systems Biology and Poisonings Institute, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran,
author
Ghasem
Janbabaei
Department of Hematology Oncology, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran,
author
Ali Akbar
Velayati
Clinical Tuberculosis and Epidemiology Research Center, National Research Institute of Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases (NRITLD), Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran,
author
Seyed Hassan
Saadat
Behavioral Sciences Research Center, Lifestyle Institute, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran,
author
Hamidreza
Jamaati
Chronic Respiratory Diseases Research Center, NRITLD, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran,
author
Payam
Tabarsi
Clinical Tuberculosis and Epidemiology Research Center, National Research Institute of Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases (NRITLD), Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran,
author
Farzaneh
Dastan
Chronic Respiratory Diseases Research Center, NRITLD, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran,
author
Malihe
Ram
Department of Biostatistics, Ferdows Paramedical School, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran,
author
Enayat
Darabi
School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran,
author
Saeid
Fathi
Postdoctoral Fellow, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran,
author
Mohammad Gholami
Fesharaki
Biostatistics Department, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran,
author
Amir Hosein
Ghazale
Student Research Committee, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
author
Shahrzad
Saloo
Student Research Committee, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
author
text
article
2020
eng
Background: The Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak quickly has spread and became a pandemic. However, no approved therapeutics or effective treatment is available for the treatment of these patients. The present study was done to retrospectively assess the treatment strategies (e.g., pharmaceutical care services) for COVID-19 patients in selected hospitals and highlight the importance of such services in the management of a pandemic.Materials and Methods: Data from a series of COVID-19 patients (978 patients; 658 males [66.9%] and 324 females [33.1%]) admitted to the selected hospitals in Tehran from 20 February to 19 March 2020 were retrieved retrospectively from the Health Information System (HIS) of the hospitals. The statistical tests were used for analyzing the effect and correlation of the variables (drugs) with the average length of stay (ALOS) in the hospital.Results: Diverse medication classes and old drugs with or without strong evidence of therapeutic effects against the novel coronavirus, some previously tried as a treatment for SARS-CoV and MERS-CoV, were mostly used for the treatment of patients in the hospitals. Many medications (broad-spectrum antibiotics and antivirals) or combination therapies are used without evidence of their therapeutic effects during pandemics.Conclusion: Therefore, guidelines should be provided for the off-label use of these drugs by policymakers and stakeholders during a pandemic emergency due to high demands. Also, monitoring of the HIS data can play an important role in improving public health response to emerging diseases.
TANAFFOS (Respiration)
National Research Institute of Tuberculosis and Lung Disease (NRITLD), Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
1735-0344
19
v.
2
no.
2020
112
121
https://www.tanaffosjournal.ir/article_239705_94cc38e713745862617d908e71fddd98.pdf
Clinical Manifestations of Patients with Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) in a Referral Center in Iran
Parvaneh
Baghaei
Clinical Tuberculosis and Epidemiology Research Center, National Research Institute of Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases (NRITLD), Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran,
author
Seyed Alireza
Nadji
Virology Research Center, NRITLD, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran,
author
Majid
Marjani
Clinical Tuberculosis and Epidemiology Research Center, National Research Institute of Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases (NRITLD), Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran,
author
Afshin
Moniri
Clinical Tuberculosis and Epidemiology Research Center, National Research Institute of Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases (NRITLD), Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran,
author
Seyed Mohammadreza
Hashemian
Clinical Tuberculosis and Epidemiology Research Center, National Research Institute of Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases (NRITLD), Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran,
author
Hakimeh
Sheikhzade
Clinical Tuberculosis and Epidemiology Research Center, National Research Institute of Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases (NRITLD), Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran,
author
Zahra
Abtahian
Clinical Tuberculosis and Epidemiology Research Center, National Research Institute of Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases (NRITLD), Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran,
author
Jalal
Heshmatnia
Clinical Tuberculosis and Epidemiology Research Center, National Research Institute of Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases (NRITLD), Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran,
author
Atefeh
Abedini
Chronic Respiratory Disease Research Center, NRITLD, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran,
author
Hamidreza
Jamaati
Chronic Respiratory Disease Research Center, NRITLD, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran,
author
Babak
Mansourafshar
National Research Institute of Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran,
author
Zargham Hossein
Ahmadi
Lung Transplant Research Center, NRITLD, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran,
author
Mojtaba Mokhber
Dezfuli
Lung Transplant Research Center, NRITLD, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran,
author
Sharareh
Seifi
Chronic Respiratory Disease Research Center, NRITLD, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran,
author
Mohsen
Sadeghi
Chronic Respiratory Disease Research Center, NRITLD, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran,
author
Maryam Sadat
Mirenayat
Chronic Respiratory Disease Research Center, NRITLD, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran,
author
Fatemeh
Yassari
Chronic Respiratory Disease Research Center, NRITLD, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran,
author
Somayeh
Lookzadeh
Chronic Respiratory Disease Research Center, NRITLD, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran,
author
Behrooz
Farzanegan
Tracheal Diseases Research Center, NRITLD, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran,
author
Arda
Kiani
Tracheal Diseases Research Center, NRITLD, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran,
author
Maryam
Vasheghani
Chronic Respiratory Disease Research Center, NRITLD, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran,
author
Farzaneh
Dastan
Chronic Respiratory Disease Research Center, NRITLD, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran,
author
Alireza
Eslaminejad
Tracheal Diseases Research Center, NRITLD, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran,
author
Majid
Malekmohammad
Tracheal Diseases Research Center, NRITLD, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran,
author
Mohammad
Varahram
Mycobacteriology Research Center, NRITLD, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran,
author
Alireza
Zali
Research Center for Neurosurgery and Functional Nerves, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
author
Payam
Tabarsi
Clinical Tuberculosis and Epidemiology Research Center, National Research Institute of Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases (NRITLD), Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran,
author
Ali Akbar
Velayati
Clinical Tuberculosis and Epidemiology Research Center, National Research Institute of Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases (NRITLD), Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran,
author
text
article
2020
eng
Background: Following the recent epidemic of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in Wuhan, China, a novel betacoronavirus was isolated from two patients in Iran on February 19, 2020. In this study, we aimed to determine the clinical manifestations and outcomes of the first confirmed cases of COVID-19 infection (n=127).Materials and Methods: This prospective study was conducted on all COVID-19-suspected cases, admitted to Masih Daneshvari Hospital (a designated hospital for COVID-19), Tehran, Iran, since February 19, 2020. All patients were tested for COVID-19, using reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) assay. Data of confirmed cases, including demographic characteristics, clinical features, and outcomes, were collected and compared between three groups of patients, requiring different types of admission (requiring ICU admission, admission to the general ward, and transfer to ICU).Results: Of 412 suspected cases, with the mean age of 54.1 years (SD=13.4), 127 (31%) were positive for COVID-19. Following the patients’ first visit to the clinic, 115 cases were admitted to the general ward, while ten patients required ICU admission. Due to clinical deterioration in the condition of 25 patients (out of 115 patients), ICU admission was essential. Based on the results, the baseline characteristics of the groups were similar. Patients requiring ICU admission were more likely to have multiorgan involvement (liver involvement, p <0.001; renal involvement, p <0.001; and cardiac involvement, P=0.02), low O2 saturation (p <0.001), and lymphopenia (P=0.05). During hospital admission, 21 (16.5%) patients died, while the rest (83.5%) were discharged and followed-up until March 26, 2020. Also, the survival rate of patients, who received immunoglobulin, was higher than other patients (60.87% vs. 39.13%).Conclusion: The mortality rate of COVID-19 patients was considerable in our study. Based on the present results, this infection can cause multiorgan damage. Therefore, intensive monitoring of these patients needs to be considered.
TANAFFOS (Respiration)
National Research Institute of Tuberculosis and Lung Disease (NRITLD), Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
1735-0344
19
v.
2
no.
2020
122
128
https://www.tanaffosjournal.ir/article_239712_360c42ba6541af7b936e9410077c5521.pdf
Effect of Head Position Change on Endotracheal Cuff Pressure in Mechanically Ventilated Patients: A Quasi-Experimental Study
Roghieh
Nazari
Amol Faculty of Nursing and Midwifery, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran,
author
Mohammad
Salehpour Omran
Student Research Committee, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran,
author
Hamid
Sharif Nia
Amol Faculty of Nursing and Midwifery, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran,
author
Ameneh
Yaghoobzadeh
Department of Geriatric Nursing, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
author
text
article
2020
eng
Background: Endotracheal cuff pressure may be affected by various factors and interventions. Therefore, this study was conducted to investigate the effect of head position change on cuff pressure of the endotracheal tube whilst undergoing mechanical ventilation.Materials and Methods: In this semi-experimental study, 61 intubated patients undergoing mechanical ventilation were studied. Each subject was used as their own control group. First, each patient was placed in starting position and the cuff pressure was adjusted in the range of 20-30 cmH2O. Then, the head position was placed in anterior flexion, hyperextension, left lateral flexion, right lateral flexion, left rotation, and right rotation without separating the manometer from the pilot cuff. The cuff pressure was recorded and analyzed at each stage.Results: The endotracheal cuff pressure increased in all six head positions. The highest difference in pressure was observed in the anterior flexion and left rotation positions (p <0.001). The observed increases in cuff pressure were higher than the normal range (30 cmH2O) in a significant number of patients.Conclusion: Changing the head position in mechanically ventilated patients increases endotracheal cuff pressure. Therefore, it is suggested that the cuff pressure should be re-examined and adjusted after each head position change while avoiding unnecessary movements of the head and neck of the intubated patients.
TANAFFOS (Respiration)
National Research Institute of Tuberculosis and Lung Disease (NRITLD), Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
1735-0344
19
v.
2
no.
2020
129
134
https://www.tanaffosjournal.ir/article_239713_300dad0c127fbbee811bfa9d4418f3df.pdf
The Association of Sleep Duration and Quality with Heart Rate Variability and Blood Pressure
Amirreza
Sajjadieh
Department of Internal Medicine, Isfahan University of
Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran,
author
Ali
Shahsavari
Medical Student,
Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran,
author
Ali
Safae
Medical Student,
Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran,
author
Thomas
Penzel
Center of Sleep Medicine, Charite e
Universitatsmedizin€ Berlin, Berlin, Germany
author
Christoph
Schoebel
Charite e
Universitatsmedizin€ Berlin, Department of Cardiology
and Pulmonology, Center of Sleep Medicine, Berlin,
Germany,
author
Ingo
Fietze
Charite e
Universitatsmedizin€ Berlin, Department of Cardiology
and Pulmonology, Center of Sleep Medicine, Berlin,
Germany,
author
Nafiseh
Mozafarian
Child Growth and Development Research
Center, Research Institute for Primordial Prevention of
Non-Communicable Disease, Isfahan University of
Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran,
author
Babak
Amra
Department of
Pulmonology, Bamdad Research Center, Isfahan
University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
author
Roya
Kelishadi
Child Growth and Development Research
Center, Research Institute for Primordial Prevention of
Non-Communicable Disease, Isfahan University of
Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran,
author
text
article
2020
eng
Background: The current study was conducted to evaluate the relation of sleep duration and quality with blood pressure (BP) and heart rate variability (HRV). Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study was carried out in 2017 among 260 staff of a university hospital in Isfahan, Iran. They were selected by multi-stage random method from different wards. Time domain spectral analysis was used to measure a number of HRV parameters. The long-term components of the HRV were estimated using the standard deviation of the normal-to-normal interval (SDNN). The square root of the mean squared differences of successive NN intervals (RMSSD) was calculated by statistical time domain measurements; SNN50, and PNN50 were measured. Pittsburg sleep quality index (PSQI) questionnaire was used to assess sleep quality. Results: Higher PSQI score correlated with lower SDANN rise (OR=0.92). Fairly bad to very good subjective sleep quality had association with lower SDANN (OR=0.43). Very high sleep latency to very low sleep latency ratio had association with lower SDANN (OR=0.39) and lower PNN50 (OR= 0.44). Sleep duration and HRV parameters had no significant association. Fairly bad sleep efficiency to very good sleep efficiency ratio was correlated with lower SDANN (OR= 0.29). Very high daytime dysfunction to very low daytime dysfunction ratio had correlation with lower SDANN (OR=0.35). Very bad compared to very good subjective sleep quality had significant correlation with higher Heart rate (HR) (B=0.03). Very high sleep latency compared to no sleep latency was associated with higher HR (B=4.74). Very high compared to very low amount of sleep disturbances correlated with higher SBP levels (B=15.2). Using sleep medication less than once a week compared with no history of taking such drugs was associated with higher HR (B=16.4). Conclusion: Our findings showed that poor sleep quality are adversely associated with HRV, HR and BP. This finding should be considered in clinical and preventive recommendations.
TANAFFOS (Respiration)
National Research Institute of Tuberculosis and Lung Disease (NRITLD), Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
1735-0344
19
v.
2
no.
2020
135
143
https://www.tanaffosjournal.ir/article_242146_050977fd76f7a68418a04c8e6583c537.pdf
Relationship between Pulmonary Function Tests and Severity of Coronary Artery Disease in Patients with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease
Arsalan
Salari
Cardiovascular Diseases Research Center, Department
of Cardiology, Heshmat Hospital, School of Medicine,
Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran,
author
Fardin
Mirbolouk
Cardiovascular Diseases Research Center, Department
of Cardiology, Heshmat Hospital, School of Medicine,
Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran,
author
Asiyeh
Ashouri
Cardiovascular Diseases Research Center, Department
of Cardiology, Heshmat Hospital, School of Medicine,
Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran,
author
Pedram
Salari
Cardiovascular Diseases Research Center, Department
of Cardiology, Heshmat Hospital, School of Medicine,
Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran,
author
Hanie
Shadrou
Cardiovascular Diseases Research Center, Department
of Cardiology, Heshmat Hospital, School of Medicine,
Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran,
author
Zahra
Mehdipour
Cardiovascular Diseases Research Center, Department
of Cardiology, Heshmat Hospital, School of Medicine,
Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran,
author
Mahboobeh
Gholipour
Cardiovascular Diseases Research Center, Department
of Cardiology, Heshmat Hospital, School of Medicine,
Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran,
author
text
article
2020
eng
Background: The aim of this study was to examine relationship between the parameters of pulmonary function and the severity of coronary artery disease (CAD) in chronic obstructive lung disease patients. Materials and Methods: Four hundred and twenty four patients with ischemic heart diseases who underwent coronary angiography were studied. The demographic characteristics and medical history of the patients were obtained from their medical records.The severity of COPD was determined according to the Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease. In addition, the severity of CAD was quantified by SYNTAX scoring . Results: Eighty-eight (21.2%), 270 (65.1%), 52 (12.5%), and 5 (1.2%) of the patients had the grade 1, 2, 3, or 4 COPD, respectively. In addition, 46 (11.1%), 319 (76.9%), and 50 (12.0%) of them had low, intermediate, and high CAD, respectively. A statistically significant relationship was observed between the severity of COPD and the severity of CAD. Significant relationships were found between age, sex, BMI, LDL, EF, and systolic pressure of pulmonary artery with the severity of COPD. The odds of higher CAD in females were 1.849 times higher than male patients. In addition, the odds of high CAD in the patients with grade 1 or 2 COPD were 0.006 and 0.068 times of the patients with grades 3 and 4 COPD, respectively . Conclusions: The findings of the present study indicate that the parameters of pulmonary function and the severity of CAD are associated with the severity of COPD.
TANAFFOS (Respiration)
National Research Institute of Tuberculosis and Lung Disease (NRITLD), Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
1735-0344
19
v.
2
no.
2020
144
151
https://www.tanaffosjournal.ir/article_242147_2323c3bf53fe72f15e538bd6998ca4cd.pdf
Prone-Position Ventilation in a Pregnant Woman with Severe COVID-19 Infection Associated with Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome
Guitti
Pourdowlat
Chronic Respiratory Diseases Research Center,
National Research Institute of Tuberculosis and Lung
Disease (NRITLD), Shahid Beheshti University of
Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran,
author
Amir
Mikaeilvand
Department of
Cardiology, Shahid Taleghani Teaching Hospital, Urmia
University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran,
author
Mitra
Eftekhariyazdi
Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Vasei
Hospital, Sabzevar University of Medical Sciences,
Sabzevar, Iran,
author
Mohammad
Nematshahi
Department of Anesthesiology, Vasei
Hospital, Sabzevar University of Medical Sciences,
Sabzevar, Iran,
author
Masoud
Ebrahimi
Department of Internal Medicine,
Infectious Diseases Ward, Vasei Hospital, Sabzevar
University of Medical Sciences, Sabzevar, Iran,
author
Asghar
Kazemzadeh
Department of Internal Medicine, Pulmonology and
Respiratory Medicine Ward, Vasei Hospital, Sabzevar
University of Medical Sciences, Sabzevar, Iran
author
text
article
2020
eng
A 25-year-old pregnant woman (gestational age: 24 weeks) presented with severe coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) infection. Deterioration of her respiratory status resulted in her admission to the intensive care unit and mechanical ventilator support. Considering the lack of improvement in oxygen saturation, teleconsultation was performed, suggesting prone-position ventilation (PPV). Significant improvements were observed in oxygen saturation. The patient was extubated after five days of intermittent PPV and supine-position ventilation and was discharged 20 days after admission. Also, assessments revealed that the fetus was unharmed by the intervention. We suggest considering PPV for pregnant women with acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS).
TANAFFOS (Respiration)
National Research Institute of Tuberculosis and Lung Disease (NRITLD), Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
1735-0344
19
v.
2
no.
2020
152
155
https://www.tanaffosjournal.ir/article_242148_a709b1124f8f92099cbd0d8a8bc68375.pdf
The First Confirmed Case of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) in an Adolescent with Abdominal Pain in Iran
Shima
Mahmoudi
Pediatric Infectious Disease Research Center, Tehran
University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran,
author
Maryam
Rostamyan
Department of Infectious Diseases, Pediatrics Center of
Excellence, Children's Medical Center, Tehran University
of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran,
author
Alireza
Aziz-Ahari
Radiology
Department, Rasool-e-Akram Hospital, Iran University of
Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
author
Babak
Pourakbari
Pediatric Infectious Disease Research Center, Tehran
University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran,
author
Mohammad
Ghaffari
Department of Infectious Diseases, Pediatrics Center of
Excellence, Children's Medical Center, Tehran University
of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran,
author
Setareh
Mamishi
Pediatric Infectious Disease Research Center, Tehran
University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran,
author
text
article
2020
eng
Background: The outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is evolving rapidly. However, there is limited information about this disease in children and adolescents. Only a few pediatric cases of COVID-19 have been reported so far. Since the immune responses of children are different from adults, their clinical findings and therapeutic responses may differ. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first confirmed case of COVID-19 in a 12-year-old girl with abdominal pain in Iran. Case Presentation: A 12-year-old girl with a history of cold, dry cough, sore throat, fever, and left-sided abdominal pain was referred to the Children’s Medical Center, Tehran, Iran, on March 7, 2020. The chest X-ray indicated air space opacification in the right lower lobe and faint ground-glass opacity in the left lower lung. A subsequent chest computed tomography (CT) scan indicated blialteral patchy lower lobe consolidations. The patient’s oropharyngeal swab was positive for COVID-19, based on the result of real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (rRT-PCR) assay. The patient’s clinical status was improved, and she was discharged five days after admission (March 11, 2020). Conclusion: Since the number of infected cases with COVID-19 is growing rapidly in Iran, early detection and management of infected cases are highly recommended for preventing the disease transmission and reducing the rate of infection.
TANAFFOS (Respiration)
National Research Institute of Tuberculosis and Lung Disease (NRITLD), Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
1735-0344
19
v.
2
no.
2020
156
159
https://www.tanaffosjournal.ir/article_242149_054cd9bb2ffdb31b063a6c8c2b850f5e.pdf
Neurological Manifestations of COVID-19: A Case Report
Majid
Malekmohammad
Tracheal Diseases Research Center (TDRC), National
Research Institute of Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases
(NRITLD), Shahid Beheshti University of Medical
Sciences, Tehran, Iran,
author
Seyed Mohammad Reza
Hashemian
Chronic Respiratory Diseases
Research Center, NRITLD, Shahid Beheshti University of
Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
author
Babak
Mansourafshar
Chronic Respiratory Diseases
Research Center, NRITLD, Shahid Beheshti University of
Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
author
Hamidreza
Jamaati
Chronic Respiratory Diseases
Research Center, NRITLD, Shahid Beheshti University of
Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
author
text
article
2020
eng
A novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) was reported in Wuhan, China in December 2019 and spread rapidly around the world, causing high rates of mortality and morbidity. This disease is known for its respiratory manifestations. Also, there have been several reports of neurological involvement in patients with COVID-19. In this study, we present a 55-year-old Iranian male patient, who was referred from another medical center with a decreased level of consciousness. Upon admission, only respiratory signs of COVID-19 were observed, but later, some neurological manifestations were also observed, such as an alteration in mental status, disorientation, stupor, and finally coma. In radiological studies, a hemorrhagic encephalopathy pattern was detected. Despite improved oxygenation and alleviation of respiratory symptoms with antiviral and anti-inflammatory therapies, cerebral injuries progressed, and the patient died due to severe brain damage.
TANAFFOS (Respiration)
National Research Institute of Tuberculosis and Lung Disease (NRITLD), Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
1735-0344
19
v.
2
no.
2020
160
164
https://www.tanaffosjournal.ir/article_242150_aac51a3103cac8d33a5f1d373ef939e1.pdf
Transhiatal Esophagectomy after Previous Left Pneumonectomy: Challenge of Surgical Approach, a Case Report
Abdoulhossein
Davoodabadi
Department of Surgery, Kashan University of Medical
Sciences (KAUMS), Kashan, Iran,
author
Mohammad Ali
Saba
Department of
Pulmonology, Kashan University of Medical Sciences
(KAUMS), Kashan, Iran,
author
Abbas
Arj
Department of
Gastroenterology, Kashan University of Medical Sciences
(KAUMS), Kashan, Iran,
author
Hamidreza
Talari
Department of Radiology,
Kashan University of Medical Sciences (KAUMS),
Kashan, Iran.
author
text
article
2020
eng
The occurrence of esophageal cancer after previous pneumonectomy for primary lung cancer is rare. This is the second case report of transhiatal esophagectomy after previous pneumonectomy due to lung cancer. In this case, selection of surgical approach for esophagectomy, was technically challenging and anatomic deformity in post pneumonectomy space had potential risk of physiologic disturbance, especially after thoracotomy option in solitary lung with limited capacity. Case presentation: We herein report a 58 year old man with history of left pneumonectomy and lymph node dissection due to mucoepidermoid carcinoma 19 years ago and recently admitted for esophageal carcinoma. He successfully was managed via transhiatal approach. Conclusion: Transhiatal esophagectomy in pneuminectomized patient is safe and recommended as first option.
TANAFFOS (Respiration)
National Research Institute of Tuberculosis and Lung Disease (NRITLD), Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
1735-0344
19
v.
2
no.
2020
165
169
https://www.tanaffosjournal.ir/article_242151_7d652bde01005e80c9ecedbbf80433ce.pdf